| The resources of soil and water are the extremely valuable natural resources and essential material for the survival of human being. Just like food and energy, the resources soil and water are important economic resources for everyday life, city construction agriculture and industry, in the 21th century. Agriculture in china will face severe situation the resources of water and soil. High proportions of poverty mountain regions are distributed all over the country and have many common characteristic as follows rugged ground convenient communication and information, low life level of the residents fragile ecosystem, scarce resources of water and soil, great environmental pressure, etc. Located in the southeast of Chongqing municipality, Qianjiang district is one of the major poverty counties named by the sate council Moreover, located at the vital organs part of china, transition region between the west and east, and the Juncture of the four provinces (Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou) likewise, close to the region of the three gorges dam. Qianjiang is especially important in geographic position. The development of this district will contribute much to the contact of the east, the center and the west of china and to the promotion of economic prosperity in Wuling Mountains Based on the wide investigation and research in field, the paper presents a synthetical study on the characteristic of the resources of water and soil the poverty mountain area in Qianjiang district, the analysis of forecasting the requirement and development of the resources of water and soil, and the strategy for the resources exploitation. Results are as follows.1. Overall characteristic of the resources of water and soil in this district: The problem of water and soil loss is serious; land resources are scarce and of low quality; precipitation is concentrative and the utilization efficiency is low. Water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space, which brings much difficulty in the resources utilization.2. With the method of multiple point regression, a general formula was established to estimate the annual precipitation at different elevation.Rr=1056.9+lUHzRIn the equation: R X is the increasing rate of annual precipitation, and unit is mm/m. A R is the geomorphologic amendment value, and unit is mm.3 . After analyzing and dealing with the data of the perennial precipitation and surface water, Qianjiang district was divided into four main regions, and tow sub-regions. The four main regions are the water storage and irrigation region in the northwest, the synthetical irrigation region along the bank of Apeng river, the storage and diversion irrigation region in the southwest and the forest water storage region. And the forest water storage region was divided into two sub-regions, the forest water storage sub-region in Bamian Mountain and the forest water sub-region in the northeast. Furthermore, corresponding countermeasures were put forward.4. Seven types of soil, yellow soil, purple soil, red soil, limestone soil, and alluvial soil and paddy soil are scattered in this district. Among these, yellow soil account for 80% of the total area soil depth has negative relation with slope. Assessed form mar-scope, the soil nutrient of the cultivated land was nitrogen-sufficient, phosphorus-deficient and potassium-opportune. At the sue time the productive potentials are computed by the method of agriculture ecological region. Results also showed that the resources of light, heat and water are fairly good. For this reason, if advanced agriculture technology management ways are applied, the agricultural productivity has much potential to increase. However the poor soil quality limits the manifestation of the climate potential. Fortunately, with necessary input to in increase the soil fertility the climate-soil potential of crop will increase greatly.5 . Experiments were conducted in two small watershed, controlled watershed and uncontrolled watershed. Results are as follows: In comparison with the uncontrolled wat... |
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