Research On The Protection And Utilization Of Commerce Block Of Pingyao Ancient City

World Heritage Committee has made an evaluation that Pingyao, the historical county being preserved most completely in China, is an outstanding example of the cities of the Han nationality in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the development of Chinese history, it has shown an extrordinary complete picture of the developments of culture, society, economic and religious.The most unique characters of Pingyao are the integrated ancient circumvallation, the streets, the overall pattern and style, and the local conditions and customs.They atract 2,600,000 visitors every year, and tourism has become a pillar cornerstone industry of it. In the past years, its traditional commercial district, being on the crest of the tide of commercialization, must have some"interesting"changes to be taken place. So, where are the idiographic changes? And which ones are positive? Which ones are negtive? What is the most sinificant problem of the protection of the historical city?By researching in the field about the traditional commercial district of Pingyao, the author has investigated the changing processes of history, commercial enviroment, social life and streets space, and discussed the positive and negtive changes of the history and culture of the traditional commercial district, being under the impact of the cultural tour tide.Further, the author has pointed out the dialectical relationship between protection and management of Pinyao in the new enviroment and situation, and meanwhile criticized the deficient protective strength, the incomprehensive protective contents and the low-quality and homogeneous trends of commercialization.From the immaterial elements of historical district protection, the author has analyzed the relationships between commercialization and historical district protection, as well as"mentality of nostalgia"and historical district, and put forward:1. Mentality of nostalgia is the motivity at cognizance, utilization and protection of nonmaterial elements in historical distric.2. The most suitable commerce form of nonmaterial element's utilization and protection is the emotional commerce and the cultural commerce.3. The cultural commerce should be planned, should search for the conjunction of nonmaterial elements and commerce, should search for the thematically commerce on culture, should invite boong to participate in the cultural commerce.The author believe that the protection of historical city should have new conception in the new era, include the completion of authenticity of historical enviroments(historical buildings, streets enviroment), and also study the variability and adaptability of history and culture. The protective objects should include the traditional streets, hostorical buildings and the full participation of indigenous people. From architectural angle there are two specific techniques: 1. Integrate and condition the dissociative lack-relation historical elements of the troditional commercial district based on the technique of"point, line, face"; 2. Adjust commercial structure and category, deliberate secific commercial enviroment and develop the"quality"commerce.