Pier Anti-collision Techniques Of Cross-Sea Bridge

It was at the beginning of 1980s since European and North American scientists and experts started studying percussive force of a vessel impacting a bridge pier and anti-collision facilities protecting the bridge pier. As a result, some specialized codes and design instructions were established, which is adapted to their local situations and circumstances. However, in China, there are no available codes, and design instructions specialized in calculation of the percussive force. As more and more sea bridges are being built up in seas in China, it is urgent and necessary to set up a serial of codes and standards, suitable for Chinese local regions and circumstances, or other similar projects, for engineers to design sea bridges and their piers anti-collision facilities.In this report, the East Cross-Sea Bridge in china is set as a case to study, which is an important structure spanning and providing passage over East Cross-Sea, between Yangshan Deep Water Port of Shanghai International Shipping Center on Yangshan Islands and Shanghai mainland. Some new calculation formulae and approaches are put forward, of the percussive force of a vessel impacting the bridge pier, based on vessel collision dynamic theory and parameters, such as design typical types of vessels passing by the Bridge, controlling navigable velocities, flow velocities and etc which are determined and selected referring to analogous projects and studies.Furthermore, more rational anti-collision techniques protecting the bridge piers are also chosen and established by a comparison of schemes, referring to cases of large scale bridge pier anti-collision facilities being used overseas.Finally, the report draws a conclusion of the Bridge pier anti-collision techniques, which could also be a reference for other analogous projects and further studies, that the structures of anti-collision facilities, according to the natural conditions around the East Cross-Sea Bridge area, of geological conditions, wave characteristics, tidal current characteristics, tidal range and etc., shall be of great capabilities in absorbing collision energy and wave energy effectively, and in resisting shear forces, as well as of convenient construction and speedy repairing. Therefore, (1) for navigable bridge holes passed by 5000t vessels, anti-collision facilities are of pre-cast concrete slip jacket as a covering of pier cushion cap of surrounding bridge piers to prevent vessels impacting the Bridge piers directly; While, (2) for navigable bridge holes passed by 1000t vessels, 500t and 300t vessels, barrel-type rubber fender and Vierendeel steel collision board shall be adopted...