Research On The Planning Of Urban Public Parking Lot

With the accelerated progress of urbanization and the rapid increase of the amount of motor vehicles in China, the demand for traffic becomes severe in a short time. As a result, a series of problems arises, such as traffic jam, lack of parking facilities, random parking, etc.Parking facility is one of the most important constituents of municipal transportation infrastructure. However, it was not until the 1990's that many cities in our country started to attach importance to the planning and construction of parking facility. At present, there exist some universal problems as to the parking facility in many cities of our country: the scarcity of parking facility, the unbalanced proportion among various parking facilities, the unreasonable layout and arrangement, the low-level efficiency, the random curb parking, and so on. These problems may be caused by inefficient parking policy and management, but the lack of the scientific theory and method of parking planning is also another basic reason. Therefore, in course of dealing with the contradiction between parking demand and supply and accelerating the construction of the parking facility, it is also necessary to research the planning method of urban parking facility.According to its service object, the parking lot can be divided into three types: the special parking lot, the matched parking lot and the public parking lot. The public parking lot is used to serve the people engaging in various actives. It has wide service objects and therefore large-circle influenced factors. It mainly meets the parking demand of the middle and small scale buildings as well as the large-scale public buildings which have insufficient matched parking lot. The scientific and reasonable planning and construction of the public parking lot will be a key to the present parking problems. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of parking facility in many cities of our country, the paper will make a research on the planning method of urban public parking lot.Parking demand analysis and forecast plays an important role in urban parking planning. It provides the basic data for ascertaining the scale of the parking lot The Parking demand and supply will be analyzed and researched in the paper. So far, the domestic and foreign scholars have had much research on the Parking demand analysis and forecast, and put forward four main methods: the total size method, the analytical method of land use, traffic trip attraction method, and regression analysis method. The paper will review and contrast these methods, and summarize their respective characteristic and serviceability. Parking supply is influenced by many kinds of factors. When ascertaining the parking supply scale, the parking demand should be met. In addition, the other factors should also be considered. To ascertain urban parking supply size reasonably, the paper synthetically analyzes several influence factors, such as parking demand, road network capacity, parking policy, as well as the utilized situation of the parking facility.In addition to the parking demand, the layout of the parking lot is also important part of the parking planning method. In the paper, the public parking lot will be divided into two parts according to the parking site: the curb parking lot and off- street parking lot. For a long time, many people have improper cognition to curb parking. They unilaterally emphasize its adverse effect, and neglect its rationality. In the paper, the characteristic and function status of curb parking lot will be analyzed to help people form a correct idea and then plan it more reasonably. Curb parking lot and off- street parking lot have different characteristics and share no common influence upon dynamic traffic. Therefore, different planning principle and method should be involved respectively. The researches on curb parking lot in the paper include: setting method, the influences upon dynamic traffic, the decrease of road capacity, qualitative layout principle, and quantitative setting gist, and so on. The researches on off- street parking lot include: parking layout principle, the models of planning location, the influences upon dynamic traffic, the selection of construction type, the entrance setting methods. These researches will be in favor of the scientific planning of urban public parking facility.At last, an example is given in the paper, which summarizes the present situation of the parking facility in Jilin, analyzes the parking demand and distributing, puts forward the development policies of urban public parking facility on the basis of land use layout of urban collectivity planning, and makes suggestion about parking layout of particular planning. The research in the paper will contribute to improve present parking situation, and afford bases for the construction and management of urban parking lot in the future.