Research On Springs Protection And Water Supply In Jinan City

Jinan lies in the north of Mt. Taishan and is bounded on the north by Yellow River. The Cambrian and ordovician limestone of over 1 000 m thick in the mountainous area to the sourh of Jinan develops a large number of fractures and karsts. The karst water moves from south to north. After moving to Jinan City, the karst water is blocked by igneous bodies, the karst water passes through fissures and karst and gushes out to the surface as springs.Infiltration of atmosphetic water and river leakage are the major supply source of krast water in Jinan spring field,while artificial water-taking and spring discharge are its major discharge forms.The karst water flows from south to north in the whole and the average recharge capacity is 55 X 104m3/d.Spring water is not only an important water source for city inhabitants and for industrial and agricultural uses, but also a tourist attraction having an anique style in the world. However, with the advancement of society and economy, unblanced water input and output ,the water consumption in the city increases so rapidly that karst groundwater, the source of the Jinan springs, has been over extracted heavily. In 1990's,the groundwater withdrawals just concentrated in urban ,eastern and western suburb areas had reached 50-60X 104/d.Since the first breaking of Jinan Well Complex in 1973,the environmental quality and local people's daily life has seriously influenced.The Jinan spring Catchment is a complicated karst water system, the following major work had been done in order to discuss the proplem of spring protection and water supply.1.Having conduced exploration,experiment and comprehensive research, the southern boundary of the Jinan Spring Catchment is determined to be the surface water divide(Changecheng Mountain),the source of Yufu River and Baedasha River;the northern one is the Carbonniferous and Permian strata,together with the igneous rock mass in the north of Jinan,and the eastern and the western ones are Dongwu and Mashan Faults respectively,which are weakly permeableboundaries.The total area of the spring catchment is 1486 km2.2.Based on the analysis of the historical evolution of Jinan springs'spurting, a quantity equation between the anaual average spring discharge and the anaual lowest water table is built according to the statistic data,which enable us to gain the corresponding relation between baseline water level and the smallest scenic discharge of spring gushing.Then the groundwater discharge in the spring area is calculated and the controlling parameter of maximum available amount of groundwater exploiting is obtained.3.The writer set forth relevant engmeermg,adrninistrative and economic measures on springs protection and water supply.