| Jinan is well known as the "City of Springs". These springs give the city a distinctive environment and make the culture is full of charm. There are over300natural artesian springs surrounding suburbs of Jinan including counties, towns and villages except famous "Four Groups of Springs" in the urban city centre. They closely integrate with adjacent geographical and residential environment; expose their different styles and features; and play an indispensable energetic role in the spring landscape resources of Jinan. Over the past few years, based on the geological structure formed by those springs, watershed scale and central distribution, Jinan government divided them into another "Six Groups of Springs" in the large urban area. All together is named "Ten Groups of Springs" in the modern-day Jinan. Along with the rapid growth of economy in the suburbs of the present-day Jinan; changes of residents’ lifestyle; and fast development of suburban construction, the patterns of suburban settlements are changing quickly. Those include the most characteristic landscape-village spring settlements which are also facing incisive contradiction between conservation and development. For how to manage the correct direction of development, the construction strategy of relevant protection methods is urgent needed to guide rationally. According to the purpose of this, this article introduced typological theories and methods, classified and concluded the spring spatial form and the corresponding settlement patterns for those6groups of spring in the suburbs. It focuses on the study and analysis of outcropping form of springs, and the internal relationships between water patterns and its related settlement environment. There are3typical spring village settlements named Shuyuan village, Tuquan village and Shiwo village as the example to conduct the comparative and analogous analysis for present settlement patterns by using the knowledge of Architecture, Urban Design, Landscape Ecology and Sociology, to evaluate the conservation of water resources, natural environment and village culture within the settlements. Based on the information above, the principle of spring village settlement’s conservation and sustainable development in the suburban area of Jinan has been pointed out. A new strategy of spring village settlement conservation and development has been discussed as well.Main parts of this essay are divided into5chapters.The first chapter of the essay introduces the research’s origins and importance, stresses the natural and cultural heritage value of those springs in Jinan. It sums up the international and domestic research trends about how to protect the natural and cultural heritage. Present conservation and relevant study methods of "Four Groups of Springs" in the urban area of Jinan and "Six Groups of Springs" in the suburbs have been introduced respectively. Theoretic methods, study contents and framework are chosen by this essay have been described briefly.The second chapter starts with the analysis of forming causes of6groups of springs in the suburbs of Jinan, and introduces spring water connections and present situation of6groups of springs. The spring settlement modes in Jinan suburbs are divided into3types according to present situation of different settlements of6groups of springs, which are religious temples and historical cultural attractions; tourism, catering and entertainment; and traditional village settlements. After analyzing actual present situation of three modes of spring settlements, it is clearly recognized that the traditional village settlements are facing acute conflicts between conservation and development as well as urgent studies between protection theories and development strategies in the new era. And then those three specific study subjects-Shuyuan Village, Tuquan Village and Shiwo Village which have the spring landscape resources are brought out. Present situation of each village has been described briefly as well.The third chapter starts with the classification of spatial form of spring water system in the suburbs of Jinan according to various ways. Based on different modes of springs morphological characters have been summarized respectively. Then the historical evolution of settlements within the spring areas in the suburbs of Jinan has been analyzed further. Two factors that affect the settlements have been concluded and summed up:one is comprehensive objective condition from settlements themselves such as their location, landforms, natural environment and spring morphological characteristics; another is the uncertainty of settlement development such as their cultural and historical background, source of demographic composition, level of economic development and residents’ life concepts. Based on these conclusions, the connections between spring patterns and formation of spatial patterns of village settlements as well as settlement landscape, economy and culture will be explored and studied further. Finally, the interactive effects between spring patterns and modes of village settlements in the suburbs of Jinan are summarized.Shuyuan Village, Tuquan Village and Shiwo village as the typical and specific examples were described in chapter4. Their morphological features are highlighted and analyzed. From macro view to micro view, three typical spring village settlements which have different water plane have been analyzed progressively and thoroughly. First of all, macro-analysis of village layers for the settlement patterns was launched. Secondly, several landscapes surrounded by water such as the streets, water system, lanes, bridges, squares and ponds within settlements were analyzed at street aspects one by one. Finally, the manifestation of single buildings nearby water was analyzed at the courtyard level within the settlements. During the analogous and contrastive analysis, other knowledge and theories were used to evaluate the varying aspects of conservation for spring resources, natural environment and village culture in those three typical settlements, and it pointed out a number of factors that affected sustainable settlement development.Fifth chapter starts with protecting the spring resource is first priority; protecting settlement buildings and landscape elements in separate categories; and keeping sustainable settlement development under the resources can be utilized consistently. These three principles should be complied with conservation and development of spring village settlements. Each article should be expanded, explained and analyzed. Moreover, there are five specific strategies of conservation and sustainable development for the spring village settlements have been pointed out, which are protecting spring water system as a whole; protecting spaces facing water comprehensively; protecting historical and cultural architecture, typical spring courtyards and special spring landscapes mainly; demolishing dangerous buildings and illegal simple houses completely; and improving and replacing village settlement’s infrastructure progressively. For how to apply those actions, it should be analyzed in details combined with these specific examples of typical spring village settlements. Under the background of rapid development of economy, the lifestyle of spring village settlements in the suburbs are changing gradually. The rural construction is booming. However, the settlement development must not pay a price by destroying the natural resources. The conservation of the spring resources; the heritage of geographic and historical culture; and the village settlement development should be overall considered and managed properly. Eventually, the detailed measures of conservation and sustainable development for spring village settlements have been proposed by analyzing and studying. |
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