Research About The Forewarning Management Towards Highway Transportation Disasters

Highway is the outcome of a country's economic development. Since China built the first highway in 1988,at present the total length of highway has been up to 19 000 km,which occupies the second place in the world. Although highway's rapid development can contribute a lot to a country's economy,it yet produces severe negative effect,that is,highway transportation disasters (HTDs),which include increasingly serious traffic accidents,traffic jams,environment pollution,zoology breakage and sight-view impact alongside the highway. HTDs usually bring infinite losses to life and belongings,and impose heavy burden to the society as well.This thesis aims to reveal running mechanism towards the safety of highway transportation system,and to provide practicable guidance of theory and methodology support for highway traffic accidents and other HTDs. In theory,the thesis constructs a new idea on effective preventing and controlling HTDs. In method,firstly to prevent the occurring of each disaster,it designs a set of forewarning indices to efficiently monitor and distinguish the most representative ones from all disaster causers,which is through inducing a new forewarning management method into existing highway operating system. Secondly if the disaster has inevitably occurred,the forewarning system will start its emergency countermeasures to lessen the loss degree to the minim.Based on the knowledge and practice in highway field,this thesis discusses HTDs phenomenon and its management problems from six aspects. Firstly,it refers and analyzes relative research theories,such as disaster theory,traffic management theory and forewarning management theory,and puts forward the research aims and approaches of this thesis. Secondly it describes the situation and characters of HTDs in China,introduces advanced transportation management experiences in western countries,and analyzes highway disaster-prevent-mechanism and highway operating system of China. Thirdly by demonstrating analysis of questionnaire investigation and case study,it illustrates the actuality of traffic disasters and the disadvantages of highway management;meanwhile,it gets the feasibility to construct a highway forewarning management system (FMS) for HTD in highway administration department. Fourthly it systematically makes a mechanism analysis about causes of formation of HTD from the angle of highway operating management. Fifthly it brings forward the working goal,running model and method system of FMS,and establishes evaluating index system for disaster forewarning,and then presents valid comprehensive evaluating method. Finally it supplies some countermeasures for HTD,including safety control in common administration and emergence aid system under sudden accidents.