Study Of Public Bicycle Transport Development

With the accelerating of China's urbanization process, the expanding of the city scale, the residents travel distance is also increasing. However, due to the current public transport system of the city is generally imperfect, and the transit service is still in low level, and the problems of the too long walking time outside the bus, too long waiting time, and the inconvenient transfer, more and more people select the car as a travel tool, which leading to cars growth too fast. The massive popularity of the private cars causes a series of problems, such as the increasingly crowded of the urban roads, the gradually deterioration of the environment, the sharply consumption of the energy and the frequently occurred of the traffic accidents, etc.However, the public bicycle is a kind of low energy consumption, low pollution, convenient, efficient, economical and practical green transport, especially suitable for short distance travel. The development of the public bicycle transport not only can meet the needs of low-carbon transport, also can save energy and land resources, improve the urban environmental quality, enhance public health level, offset the lack of the public transport to attract more travelers to transfer to the public transport from the car, and effectively improve the public transport attractiveness and competitiveness. But the current public bicycle transport has not been paid enough attention in the policy, planning, and the management. So it is necessary to study the development of public bicycle transport and the planning.This paper puts forward that the public bicycle transport market is mainly used inside short time, short-distance transport, feeder, suitable for rallying rental station in passenger gathering such as hub, residential areas, commercial areas, schools, tourist attractions and so on, should be allowed to use at any time, be returned in different places, and be charged according to the length of use time which is based on the characteristics and advantages of bicycle transport:save energy and land resources, which can effectively reduce urban traffic pollution, ease urban traffic congestion, lower cost of personal travel, not only for low-income, can also reduce the internal and external traffic costs, collection transportation, fitness and entertainment, is a healthy, low-carbon way to travel, especially suitable for short distance travel, the applicable conditions of the city is a mild climate, relatively flat of the terrain, wide urban non-motorized vehicles, local non-better separation of urban traffic environment.The paper analyses and believes that the key to the successful development of public bicycle transport in European is the close converge between public bicycle rental station and other modes of transport, independent public bicycle right of the way, the cooperative business operation model between government and enterprises, rental station scale network operations, the use of low cost and convenient procedure to rent and return the bike. Also finds that the current problems in the development of public bicycles is that the public bicycle transport is not included in the ranks of public transport, the "right way" of the bicycle is not guaranteed, convergence with other transport modes do not close, the degree of public bicycle transport recognition is not high.The paper presents that the public bicycle planning should include:Public bicycle market planning, public bicycle rental station planning, public bicycle network planning, scheduling and management of public bicycles, public bicycle Intersection traffic optimization et. The market planning of the public bicycle transport should be clear the public property of the public bicycle transport, should be incorporated into the ranks of urban public transport, should be the cooperation business model which is government-led and enterprise operation; rental station planning should be divided into origin destination rental station planning and connection rental station planning. In determining the existence of vehicles of the connection rental station planning should take into account the proportion of long-distance travel, the proportion of the population structure, the attraction area to transfer, the proportion of site traffic, speed and grid frequency of the transfer points, the amount of peak-hour access to bicycles and other factors; can use Global Positioning System technology to real-time monitoring of public bicycles, which can reasonable dispatch bikes in flat peak and peak between each rental station, and prevent vehicle theft phenomenon, should use IC cards system technology to fee settlement. The paper also discusses on how to evaluate the level of public bicycle transport development.