Study On Defense System Of Kaifeng City Wall

The origin of Kaifeng City Wall was in Warring States, it was built from the Tang Dynasty firstly, and then it was as the inner city of Dongjing (Kaifeng city) in the North Song Dynasty and the King Dynasty, In the Ming Dynasty, the Kaifeng City Wall was covered with the gray bricks firstly. The Kaifeng City Wall is kept its original scale and style and features, although it was suffered from wars and floods. It is the second largest only to the Nanjing City Wall, and it was as the fourth key historical sites under the state protection. The Kaifeng City Wall is the symbol of the politics, economic and culture of a state and a region, and it was the carrier of both material and spiritual civilization at that time.The Kaifeng City Wall is an important history relic, it has higher artistic and cultural value studying on its heuristic procedure, architectural characteristics and building technology. Besides, The Kaifeng City Wall is an excellent architectural culture remnant in ancient times, so it is imperative to protect and use effectively ,we should fully relize its development,scale,structure and construction features and then we can propose protection and utilization plan. In this paper, it is studied detailedly the development,characteristics and building technology of the Kaifeng City Wall.Through studying on the historical evolution of Kaifeng City Wall in this paper, it is known deeply the rising stage of the wall from the Wei Dynasty, in the North Song Dynasty it is up to the acme, and it is wane till that. Moreover, because of the flood of Yellow River, the wall had been buried by the loess and then been risen up constantly, it is formed the supernatural phenomenon of the walls stacking, thereout formed the roads stacking and the gates stacking.As integrated building system for protection and defense, The Kaifeng City Wall contains many indispensable parts besides the main one. And these ones had been built gradually, they were perfect till the Ming Dynasty, it is contained these as follows: the wall, the city gate, the city gate tower, a barbican entrance to a city, battlements, turret, crenellation, moat and other parts which belongs to the city wall. In this paper, the Architectural Characteristics and heuristic procedure of these above-mentioned elements are expounded primarily, and studied correlative social context and the influence of flood. Besides, it is analyzed the tignum and building technology of the wall, its stuffs and characteristics in construction. Basing on the above, it is discussed the role and influence of Kaifeng, and given some suggestions to protect. Known to all, we should protect the wall not only at present but also in future, and we also should consider all interrelated factors such as the scene of wall,environment around and so on. Moreover, we should pay attention to protect history culture in historical cultural city combined with the wall protection. At the same time, we should combine protection with use well. Only that the city wall will become precious culture legacy and create social value.