| Experimental mianly study on the extraction polysaccharide conditions from cold pulping in apple peel pomace, filterion out the method of protrusion protein and pigment substance, optimization the appropriate methods of protrusion protein and pigment substance, impurity, examination purification and testing several types of uniform composition of purity, average molecular weight, different components of the analysis of apparent viscosity and its biological activity. Experiment conclusions are the following:1. The hot water extraction technology of polysaccharides from apple peel pomace regression equation was Y'=75.97+5.34 X,+4.95X2+2.23 X3+3.61 X,2+1.91 X22, by quadratic regression rotational combinational test. It got optimal process conditions:95℃, ratio of 1:93, extraction 5.7h. The theoretical maximum extraction rates 112.8 mg/gDW under this condition, experimental verification of actual extraction values of 103.7 mg/gDW.2. Optimization the ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from cold crush apple peel pomace and the optimum technological conditions is that ultrasonic power is 200W, temperature is 70℃, ultrasonic time is 120min, ratio of 1:40 of the feed, under these conditions the rate of extraction of polysaccharide from apple peel pomace as 95.3 mg/gDW.3. The best removal of protein which is in apple peel pomace polysaccharide, the removal rate of 80.2% and polysaccharide losses rate is 9.7%. Orthogonal test to determine the removal protein efficiency factors in primary and secondary order is:HCl concentration> shock speed> shock time> shock temperature. Optimum condition of deproteinized HCl concentration is 3.0mol/L, shock time is 3h, temperature is 40℃, time speed is 180R/min, the protein removal rate of 91.3% under these conditions. The optimal method of decolorization of polysaccharides is dialysis, dialysising 48h, the light transmission rate increase 23.5%, losses rate is 31.7%.4. Three kinds of homogeneous components polysaccharides were found after purification, which are APPS-H2O, APPS-0.3M, APPS-0.9M. They are qualified as a pure product, which do not contain the protein or nucleic acid substances. Their specific rotation is+164.9,+129.8,+121.9, the average molecular weight respectively is 1.82×105,1.67×105, and 1.12×105. The apparent viscosity oder is APPS-H2O> APPS-0.3M>APPS-0.9M under the same conditions, they have are characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid because of the relation between apparent viscosity and polysaccharide concentration.5. The three kinds of polysaccharides have ablity to clear·OH free radical, DPPH·free radical and O2·superoxide anion. The ability of clearing-OH free radical and DPPH radical is related with polysaccharide concentrations at a range of classes. higher concentration clear more. Three kinds of polysaccharides have little ablity on scavenging O2·superoxide anion and they have showed weaker restoring force.The half inhibiting concentration of APPS-H2O of clearing OH radical is 5.72mg/mL, APPS-0.3M is 6.45mg/mL and APPS-0.9M is 6.31mg/mL. The order of scavenging ablity on·OH free radical is APPS-H2O>APPS-0.9M>APPS-0.3M. The semi-inhibitory concentration of APPS-H2O scavenging the DPPH radical is 6.51mg/mL, APPS-0.3M is 9.23mg/mL, APPS-0.9M is 11.17mg/mL. The scavenging ability on DPPH·radical of APPS-H2O is stronger than APPS-0.3M and APPS-0.9M. The order is APPS-H2O>APPS-0.3M>APPS-0.9M.6. Using infra-red spectrometric determination of polysaccharide from three major functional groups, early inference of glycosidic bond may be linked, and determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide from three and Mole ratio. |
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