| Shengshui Famous Tea in the tea region of Zhushan was one of the top ten famous teas in Hubei Province, PR China, which they were protected by National Protection of Geographical Indications. In addition, its developing had an important effect on prosperity of tea industry in the Qin-ba Mountain. In this research, tea quality, meteorological conditions, soil conditions in 7 tea plantations were studied. The main purpose was to indicate the relationships between tea quality and ecological factors, and provide a theoretical basis of improving management conditions and enlarging the scale of tea plants in this region.1. Research on the quality of Shengshui Famous TeaOrganoleptic quality of Shengshui Famous Tea was tested by method of organoleptic appreciation. The results showed as follows: shape was wiry and even with tips, shape color was tender green; aroma was fresh, tender, clean and high with flowery fragrance; flavor was brisk, fresh and mellow; soup color was bright and tender green; tea-leaf was even, fine and tender.The contents of tea nutrient elements, biochemical compositions were analyzed by ICP, chemical methods and HPLC. The results showed as follows: total N 5.3 8%-6.84%;total P:0.467%-0.556%,total K: 1.064%-1.118%,total Ca:0.098%-0.165%,tot al Mg:706.75mg/kg-874.97mg/kg,total Fe50.55mg/kg-71.25mg/kg,Thecontents of tea biochemical compositions: tea polyphenol 27.26%-34.22%, amino acid2.86%-3.92%, caffeine 3.468%-4.622%, soluble sugar 3.35%-4.20%, chlorophyll 0.092%-0.199%, catechin 110.101 mg/g -151.345mg/g, theanine 2.157%-3.264%.Aroma compounds of 7 Shengshui Famous Teas were analyzed by GC/MS. The contents of tea aroma compounds decreased in this order: aromatics > alkanes and alkenes >alcohols > acidic and esters > nitrogen compounds. These proportions of tea aroma compounds provided the unique aroma quality of delicate aroma with flower fragrance to Shengshui Famous Tea.Shengshui Famous Teas of Shengshui plantations had the best qualities in the 7 tea plantations. So, these plantations could be developed as representatives of Zhushan tea region in order to extend brand effects and advanced economic benefits.2 irrigation water conditions and their relationships with tea qualityIrrigation water conditions were analyzed by AAS, The results showed as follows Ca 8.615 mg/l-41.624 mg/land the highest is Desheng; Fe 0.175 mg/l-0.534 mg/l, Desheng and Qinge are more than other tea plantations; Mg 2.993 mg/l -5.495 mg/l, Desheng,Qingu,Baofeng are the Higher; K 0.853 mg/l-7.867 mg/l, Daguanshan and Desheng are the hither; Zn 0.048 mg/l -0.133 mg/l, Baofeng and Daguanshan are thehither.3. Soil conditions and their relationships with tea qualitySoil conditions were analyzed by chemical methods and AAS. The results showed as follows: pH 3.50-5.37;organic tter:9.44g/kg-12.66g/kg; N: 0.8g/kg-1.5g/kg; P: 0.32g/kg-0.50g/kg; K: 9.56g/kg-22.26g/kg; bulk density: 1.32g/cm~3-1.69g/cm~3.Based on the analysis of correlation and multilinear regression, the relativity was studied between soil conditions and tea quality of Shengshui Tea. The results showed as follows: soil total phosphorus and potassium, available potassium, copper and zinc were the main factors which affected and limited the contents of nutrient elements of tea leaves; soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, available copper and zinc were the main factors which affected and limited the contents of biochemical compositions of tea leaves; soil conditions had Obviously influence on the tea aroma quality. available potassium,copper,N,Pand Organic matter are the main factors.4. Meteorological conditions and their relationships with tea qualityTea region of Zhushan located at sub-tropic monsoon area, which monthly mean percentage of sunshine hour was 27.6%-48.4%; monthly mean air temperature was 2.9℃-27.0℃; monthly mean ground temperature: 0cm 4.1℃-30.1℃, 5cm 4.3℃-28.6℃, 10cm4.5℃-28.2℃, 15cm 4.9℃-28.5℃, 20cm 5.3℃-27.4℃; monthly mean precipitation: 8.3mm-200.6mm; annual average precipitation: 950.6mm; monthly mean air relative humidity: 66.2%-83.0%. Meteorological factor's vertical variation of this region was obvious, which with the altitude elevated, the strength of illumination reduced, the temperature, the ground temperature reduced, the air relative humidity increased. They were all beneficial for performing quality of Shengshui Famous Tea. At altitude 700m in the tea region of Zhushan, meteorological conditions such as lower temperature, larger temperature difference between day and night, moderate light intensity, more clouds and larger air humidity were the main factors for excellent quality of tea. So, the tea regions of around altitude 700m in Zhushan will be the first choices to develop Shengshui Famous Tea with excellent quality.
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