| Biodiesel perfect for substituting petrifaction diesel oil is one kind of typical"green energy sources". It is fluid fuels prepared by oil plants, animal grease and waste edible oil. The characteristic of biodiesel is low content of sulfur and aroma hydrocarbon, high content of oxygen, high value on cetane value and flash point, few exhaust gas transgressing. Impact on industrialization of preparating biodiesel is raw material. Therefore, using low-cost forest resources to produce biodiesel is great significance.Meliaazedarach. also known as the chinaberry, and purple flower tree, which contain high content of oil in seeds, the oil rate even reach 31.44%. Meliaazedarach is an excellent virescence tree. It is a new method to emploit its seeds for plant resource exploitation. It havn't been reported that taking Meliaazedarach seed oil to make bio diesel. In this thesis, Meliaazedarach seeds were chose for raw material, to be study in the process of extraction, reducing acid value and producing biodiesel.1. The best counterflow condition of sorbite for extracting from Meliaazedarach seeds was: Meliaazedarach seed was extracted by petroleum ether at 60℃for 6 hours, and oil can be extracted which the extracted rate could be as high as 90%. This optimum technological condition provided a method for enlarge test of extraction.2.Use solvent to extract free fatty acid in Meliaazedarach seed oil, to reduce its acid value, the best technological conditions is: Meliaazedarach seed oil was extracted by absolute methanol at the ratio of 1(Meliaazedarach seed oil):2(Absolute methanol) and 35℃for 5 times and ten minutes per time. Under the best technological conditions, oily acid value of Meliaazedarach seed can be reduced to 0.57 mgKOH/g from 5.08 mgKOH/g, and could reach the demand of oil quality to produce biodiesel fuel.3.Using KOH as catalyst, the optimal reaction condition of producing biodiesel with the lower acid value Meliaazedarach seed oil was: 6:1 molar ratio of alcohol to oil, 60℃reaction temperature , 0.9 % w/w catalyst of KOH to Meliaazedarach seed oil, 60 min reaction time and 600 rpm stirring speed. Under this condition, the yield of biodiesel was 75%, and the contents of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel production was 98 %. 4.Biodiesel prepard by Meliaazedarach seed oil were analyzed to know the physical and chemical characteristics. The results were as follows:(1) The main components and contents of fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesels of Meliaazedarach seed oil, were determined by GC inner standard method: linoleic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, Palmitic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearat, Linoleic acid methyl ester.(2). The results of physical and chemical characteristics were as follows: flash point of the biodiesel lower than BD100, but other indexs were met to the standard of BD100, such as distillation range,solidifying point,cold filter point,impurity content.In a word, using woody oil plants to produce biodiesel can be useful to economic development, advancement the substitute of energy sources and reduction of environmental pollution. It is a important strategic means to control pollution of atmosphere in city, as well as, it makes significant role to the safely using petroleum.
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