Study And Application Of Methodology On Environmental Impact Assessment For Development Area

In the 1980s, with the rapid development of regions on both scale and strength, environmental pollution and ecological deterioration had taken place extensively all over the world. Conventional project-based Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could not deal with the above problems because of its limitation. Regional Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) and Development Area Environmental Impact Assessment (DAEIA) were then put forward. In order to track the progress of foreign researches, many studies and efforts have been done about REIA and DAEIA in China, both on theory and practice.The basic theory and methodology were discussed in this dissertation. Compared DAEIA with Plan Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA), REIA and conventional project-based EIA, the connotation of DAEIA was defined. At the level of decision-making, the methods and steps of EIA identification were established, and the factors, characteristics and range of DAEIA were hierarchically divided. The forecasting model of DAEIA was systematically studied and the index system of Environmental Carrying Capacity (ECC) was constructed, which fit for requests of environmental management and economic development. The index system including 43 aspects was divided into five levels, which measured the coordination among resources, nature, society, economic, cycle economics, and regional support. Under the consideration of Environmental Carrying Rate (ECR), the indexes were quantitated according to their characteristics. Shandong Rizhao High-technology Industry Park (SRHIP) was taken as an example where the index system and the methods of DAEIA were applied. The indexes were selected and the weight factors of indexes were quantitatively analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The comprehensive assessment results showed that ECC of SRHIP was overloaded both in 2006 and 2010. The adjustment of industry structure, the optimization of regional distribution and the controlled activities should be dominated, which may affect natural and social environment. ECR would decrease with the restoration of environment in 2010, and the contradiction between regional development and ECC was mitigated.This dissertation contains four chapters. In Chapter 1, the background of the chosen topic was reviewed and the origin, development, basic theory and the significances of REIA were introduced. In Chapter 2, the connotation and methodology of DAEIA were systematically studied. The principles, characteristics and applications of various methods were discussed. SRHIP was taken as a case study in Chapter 3. Suggestions and measures on implementing DAEIA in China were presented in Chapter 4.