Comparative Study On Policies Of Recycling Waste Resources Of China And Japan

Implementation of the reform and opening policy, China's economy has seen rapid development. The original extensive development mode which was mass production, mass consumption, and mass waste is not suitable for China's current situation. The acceleration of the pace of industrial production and improving of people's living standards has caused the increasing of natural resources depletion, and waste discharge volume year after year. Meanwhile to construct harmonious social environment the country implemented the strategy of sustainable development and promoted recycling economy. Under this circumstance, this study focused on the waste resources recycling of the Sino-Japanese, studied the relative questions between the two countries comparatively.In 2000 the Japanese government has proposed the recycling - oriented society strategy, and published a series of laws on waste recycling use of resources. Up to date, it has already won nationals'the broad understanding and support. The orderliness of city garbage emissions and collection, advanced technology of treatment and disposal, and other aspects useful are worthy of our learning from them.Legally, the solid waste classification of the two countries is similar. There are general waste and industrial waste in Japan and life rubbish, industrial solid waste and hazardous waste (corresponding to Japanese special-waste management, included in the general waste and industrial waste above) in China.First, Japan's waste emissions in the 1990s has stabilized, after 2000 even tended to decrease. In the discharge of industrial waste, the proportion of manufacturing industries is the most (about 30%). Sludge, animal feces and waste rubble had the largest proportion in the total output (about 83%). But according to our country's statistics, the amount of wastes increased from 6 million tons in the last century 1990s to almost 150 million tons (2003), with an annual growth rate of 6.34%.Secondly, Japan's waste collection method is similar with China, but waste emission patterns are very different. Currently the wastes emissions and collection are classified and separately collected. The garbage classification method is not only distinguished between combustible and non-combustible garbage, but also the separately collection of paper, bottles, metals such as the use of renewable resources. Specific classification of towns and municipalities were established according to the local situation. In China, few cities carried out classification emissions and collection of the waste truly.Again, on the intermediate waste handling, incineration which was good at reducing volume and amount was mainly employed. The waste was disposed eventually by the landfill disposal. Although there are incineration and compost technology in our country, to direct landfill the majority wastes disposals are simple separation and compaction, most can not meet sanitary landfill requirements.Moreover, there is a very complete system of policies in Japanese waste resources recycling. Basic Environment law is equivalent to the constitution of environment law. Basic Law of Recycling - Oriented Society formation and advance plays the role of the basic law, other associated laws also have Waste Disposal Law, Effective Use of Resources Advanced Law, Building Materials Recycling Law, Food Recycling Law, Household Appliance Recycling Law, Packaging Recycling Law, Green Purchasing Law and Automobile Recycling Law. Compared with Japan, China has not formed system in the field currently. Environmental Protection Act (1979) account the solid waste account partly and the People's Republic of Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law (implemented in 1996, revised in 2005) was the only basic law.As a developing country, there is a great disparity between China and the developed countries in infrastructure for maintenance and solid waste treatment technology. It's needed to draw on the successful experience of foreign countries and advanced technology. However, China and Japan have different national conditions, copying the experience of Japan and policy in China is not feasible.By analyzing above information, there comes to the following conclusions:1. Economic development and solid waste reduction can achieve at the same time. Solid waste is not necessarily unlimited growth with economic growth and. It is possible to achieve economic growth while inhibiting the discharge of waste by correct management and policy guidance consistent with national and regional development.2. Separate collection is the basis, the classification of transport and separation is the guarantee.3. China should seek suitable solid waste disposal methods for the country. Reduction is a prerequisite; the full implementation of a classification is basic; sanitary landfill is primary; government should advocate composting vigorously and encourage the construction of solid waste incineration plant.4. In light of China's reality, on the basis of comparative analysis of the two countries, the following measures are addressed.(1) Strengthen the solid waste management sector leadership. At present, the Ministry of Construction is responsible for the supervision and management of urban waste, The State Economic and Trade Commission is responsible for industrial solid waste recycling and recovery. Administration of Environmental Protection is responsible for the industrial solid waste and hazardous waste management and supervision. In the future, it is needed to union the division of apartment together to play a greater role.(2) Various regions have different economic development levels and the region that infrastructure is weak need to further prepare the solid waste collection, transportation and disposal facilities. Necessary funds could be resolved through government funding or local investment and financing projects.(3) Popularize waste classification system. Mixed garbage collection leads that effective implementation of incineration, composting, and other follow-up treatment is difficultly and hampers our comprehensive utilization of waste. Initial classification should not be minute and garbage can be divided into food garbage (family kitchen remains, the restaurant industry and the farm produce market food rubbish), non-food garbage (plastic packaging materials, paper, woven, glass, debris, etc.) and other (scrap batteries, drugs and other poisonous substances). At the same time the government should build supporting facilities, step up publicity and raise public awareness of waste separation.(4) Can not copy the Japanese model of waste disposal method. Because of small land area, big population density, Japan use incineration reduction to solve the problem of lack of space for landfills. And the incineration of the high cost method is not suitable for China's current popularization. China should adopt sanitary landfill mainly, spark plug composting and phase in incineration to reduce volume.(5) Complete China's solid waste policy according to Japanese laws and policies of construction recycling social system. Advancing with the times to amend the existing system, added new policies to accelerate the development of recycling economy.(6) Improve the environmental statistical system and establish a scientific system of measurement garbage.(7) Improve the capacity of law enforcement, strengthening environmental awareness of local leading cadres.(8) Carry out public participation. By schools, community, social media publicizing, popularize environmental education.Waste does not mean useless objects. Today, the solid waste can not only use as a resource, but also the world's only growth resources. Solid waste collection, transport, recycling and final disposal of the developed countries has become an important industry. Benefiting from experience of waste recycling resources in Japan, it is a long way to go to develop our own industry, construct economized society to achieve sustainable development.