A Study On The Ecological Construction Of Small Town In The Process Of Urbanization

Small towns in urban system has a unique position as a link bridge of connecting urban and rural areas .They plays an irreplaceable role. With the acceleration of urbanization , the development of China's small towns has thrived trend. We look at the current construction of small towns, there are many problems at the same time. In the past, the concept of urban construction is opposite to ecological construction .The result of doing this will not only lead to the destruction of the city's ecological environment, but also waste tremendous valuable resources. It has been proved a lot, the age of controlling after polluting ,or restoring after damaging has past. Before a new upsurge in urban construction arrives, We will make the ecological construction into the development of small towns plan. Ecological Construction and Urbanization can be completed simultaneously.It helps the original ecological environment's preservation and conservation in small towns, and will achieve greater economic and social benefits, but also realise the real meaning of ecological town construction.This paper described the characteristics of urbanization, analysed the environmental issues of small towns in the urbanization process, invested international small towns ecological construction, discussed the advantages of small towns construction ,and expounded the methods in small towns ecological construction. Meanwhile, this paper summed up the town construction in Shanghai during the process of urbanization concerning the change of number and population in recent years. On the basis of former theory, methodology and experience, an ecological construction research was made , new town in Qingpu District and Hangtou town in Nanhui District as an example, which are two different towns in Shanghai suburbs .Through comparative analysis in their similarities and differences between the content of the building, the status and role of the small towns in the urban development was pointed out And some suggestions to small town ecological construction were presented. It can provide some theoretical basis on ecological construction of small towns. The main conclusions showed that:1. In recent years, the population of the farther suburbs area and the core area in Shanghai City, for various reasons, moved to the marginal of center area and nearer suburban. And the population in the farther suburbs at higher late stage of urbanization, began to continued growthing.2. Since Shanghai implemented the outskirts of the township administrative divisions adjustment, urban area has been expanding, urban population has been growing in the Shanghai suburbs, and the level of urbanization was steadily increasing. The number of rural towns incessant declined ,particularly suburban towns. Because Shanghai government focus on enhancing center town and new town, and adjust the suburban areas of township.3. Through the analysis about the plan of two cases, we found that development level Qingpu were significantly higher than Hangtou town, and the people's living standards, the quality of the population was also higher than the latter. With the extent of urbanization continuing to improve, small towns could get a substantial development in the infrastructure, population structure and so on. This is one advantage in urbanization. However, the ecological environment of Hangtou was overall superior to Qingpu. Because the process of urbanization was being promoted, the ecological environment was destroyed and the large land area was occupied by artificial destruction.4. Shanghai's per ecological carrying capacity was far under the national level and the world's average level. This was due to that China's eastern coastal areas in general had a small, resource consumption and ecological carrying capacity. The ecological carrying capacity in Hangtou town was higher than Shanghai.It could provide ecological buffer and ecological compensation for the center of the Shanghai City .Although the ecological carrying capacity in Qingpu was the similar to Shanghai, it also could ease the Shanghai ecological pressure in the process of urban development ,because of the population in the outskirts of towns was below the center city district.5. China's metropolis often focused on the research of ceter district in the process of construction and development, and easily forgot the element of small towns, but it is not difficult to discover that though the research of small towns abroad, city and marginalized small towns was a comprehensive system, which could not have one absent and mutually reinforcing. The development of city drived the process of small towns urbanization, which led to the latter's socio-economic development and played an important supporting role. Small towns could remedy the ecological defects and enhance the environmental quality of urban areas. If Shanghai only developed center city, lack of small towns's buffer ecological compensation to the inner ring, it's ecological pressure will be more and more greater,.6. With the advance of urbanization, while the economic development and the level of people's living condition was rising, small towns also destroyed the city's ecological environment. This was counter to the trend of sustainable development. Therefore, the development of small towns must not take the old road like "Looking down on ecological environment, and focusing on economic construction". Economic development and ecological construction should be developed together. With the advancement of urbanization , ecological construction will also continue to be deepen, in order to use the limited funds to create the greatest social, economic and ecological benefits.