The Flora And Phylogenetics Of Inner Mongolia Brachytheciaceae

Brachytheciaceae is one of the largest families of Pleurocarpous Moss.Because of its ecological adaptability and to adapt to the environment of different types,different species of Brachytheciaceae often show the same characters on the result of convergent evolution. While the same groups in different growth conditions show greater morphological variation. Therefore, since the mid-19th century, some genera and species of ownership in the classic category of Brachytheciaceae has been controversial. After refreshing and identifing the herbarium, the number of Brachytheciaceae of Inner Mongolia come now known a total of 12 genera and 42 species. According to the study in the aspects of species composition, geographical elements, cladistics and molecular phylogeny of Brachytheciaceae,we have drawn the following results and conclusions:1. The area's largest genus of Brachytheciaceae is Brachythecium and its number is more than 50% proportion of the total species.while there are 7 genera contain only a single specie.That means the Brachytheciaceae of Inner Mongolia is rich of genera composition, but the species composition is relatively poor.2. The Brachytheciaceae flora in this area include:3 Cosmopolitans species,3 Old world Temperate species,1 Tropical Asia specie,15 North Temperate species,12 East Asia species and 8 Endemic to China species. In the area,the most important element is the North Temperate element (38.46%), followed by the East Asian element (30.77%), Endemic to China element in third place (30.77%), other components (12.81%) only a smaller proportion.3. According to the resault of the PCA analysis among Inner Mongolia and the other nine regions,we found the area has the highest flora similarity with the two neighbor regions of Northeast and Hebei.4. In the cladistics tree, Myuroclada maximowiczii cluster together with the outgroup, while in the molecular phylogenetic trees, it gets together with the other species of Brachytheciaceae.This indicats that it has a close genetic relationship with the other Brachytheciaceae species.The different morphology characters between them, that is most likely because of its adaptation to the environment and occurring the resault of evolutionary divergence.5. In the cladistics tree, Tomenthypnum nitens,Palamocladium nilgheriense and Homalothecium sericeum cluter together in the tree base;while in molecular phylogenetic trees, Tomenthypnum nitens always gather with outgroups together.This indicates that Tomenthypnum nitens has a distant relationship with other Brachytheciaceae species.6. In the cladistics tree, Camptothecium lutescens gets together with the other species of Brachytheciaceae, but in the molecular phylogenetic trees,it forms the sister group with Homalothecium sericeum at nearly 100% bootstrap value.So Camptothecium lutescens has a closer genetic relationship with Homalothecium sericeum than the other species of Brachytheciaceae.7. The molecular phylogenetic trees show that the species of Eurhynchium form sister groups with some species of Rhynchostegium, Bryhnia, Cirriphyllum and Brachythecium indicating that Eurhynchium is polypheletic.8. In the cladistics tree and phylogenetic trees, Brachythecium glareosum and Brachythecium salebrosum, Brachythecium kuroishicum and Brachythecium wichurae,Brachythecium rutabulum and Brachythecium rivulare form sister groups.Bootstrap values are more than 90%, some are 100% in NJ tree and MP tree, indicating the genetic relationship between them are more closer than with others.