Study On The Landscape Pattern, Dynamic And Driving Force In Ejina Oasis

This article can be divided into three parts. First,take the Ejina Oasis as research object, applying the technology of GIS, RS and statistics to the research, using two periods of remote sensing images in 2000 and 2007 as basic database to get the Landscape type distribution of two periods of Ejina Oasis; second, with the help of calculated index number of landscape pattern and the transition matrix which reflecting the dynamic changes of landscape types to analyze the features and dynamic changes of landscape pattern in Ejina in the following 7 years after the Heihe Diversion works started; at last, use PCA (principal component analysis) to analytic the key drivers that affect the landscape pattern change. The whole paper is aimed at providing data base and spatial decision basis for oasis vegetation recovering.The landscape dynamic analysis shows that, the export type mainly includes forestedland, shrub land, coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, wasteland, and bare land; the import type mainly includes cultivated land, sparse woodlot, canals, towns and saline-alkali land. Here is the major diversions, forestedland turn to shrub land, sparse woodlot and grassland; shrub land turn to grassland, cultivated land and saline-alkali land; coverage grassland turn to cultivated land and high coverage grassland; low coverage grassland turn to saline-alkali land; wasteland turn to towns; bare land turn to canals, cultivated land, grassland and shrub land.The landscape pattern analysis shows that, during the seven years, the landscape fragmentation degree of Ejina Oasis is increasing. Though a large variety of landscape types existing, every kind of landscape tends to become homogeneity under the influence of the fragmentation. Among all the land, there's an increase of agricultural acreage and patches'number, which present a fragmental trend in oasis landscape. Here is the major fragmental distribution, forestedland and shrub land distributed over oasis landscape because of the area decreasing and patches increasing; sparse land area increasing because of the deterioration of forestedland; grassland landscape which has highly dynamic range distributed over landscape because of its easy change under the influence of environment. As we all know, the expansion of graff and increase of urban landscape area are adapted to social development and economic needs. It leads to a decrease of wasteland and bare land, and at the same time, saline-alkali land is expanding over forestedland and grassland landscape.We use PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to analyze 15 anthropogenic factors which may have influence on landscape. At last, population size and runoff factors are excluded. Finally we regard the rest 13 anthropogenic factors as the dominant factors of landscape changes of oasis. These anthropogenic factors, such as Per Capita GDP, per-capita motive power of agricultural machinery, amount of chemical fertilizer, total output value of primary industry, local financial revenue, local financial expenditure, herdsman per capita net income, urban per capita disposable income, year-end number of animals in stock, total industrial output, social retail goods, total investment in fixed assets, and total output of building industry, which can be divided into the social economic factors, policy, technology and cultural factors are analyzed in my paper.