Taxonomy Of Polygonum L. S. L. And Related Groups, Focusing On Chinese Taxa, Based On Anatomy Of Stem

Polygonaceae about 50 genera,1150 species, worldwide distribution, but mainly in northern temperate, a few found in tropical, China has 13 genera,235 species,37 varieties, produced throughout the country. The differential feature is a transparent or membranous ocrea sheathFrom Linna's era, scholars had conduct a variety of segments. From the beginning, were established on mature fruit and the inflorescence types of perianth, and then use other criteria. Small (1895) and perdigeat (1900) the anatomical features. Gross,1930 studied the pollen types and anatomy. Hedberg1946 observed pollen morphology of most Polygonaceae plant. Marek(1954,1958) studied the fruit wall morphology and embryo position. Federov(1969) and Moorec(1973) reported that several kinds of chromosome number, Jaretzky(1925) and Horhammer(1954,1955) major studied the chemical substance.The classification of Polygonaceae is mainly based on macroscopic morphology, different scholars to grasp the scale is not the same as the proposed classification system is also quite different. Among them, the classification of Polygoneae is controversial:1. Definition of Polygoneae.2. Polygoneae subdivision, some propose divided into 7-8 genera, some support 13 genera,some only recognize the establishment of certain species.3. The system position of genus and sections.4. Taxonomic status of some species are controversial.In this study, mainly concentrated in China's taxa, introduced anatomical characteristics of all genera. To assess the value of these anatomical characteristics in taxonomy, we conducted experimental studies. Combinating with other scholars'results, a new classification of Chinese Polygonaceae are proposed.From the taxonomic point of view, in genus level, the most valuable feature is the location of trichome, in genus and tribe level,the most valuable features is petiole and stem anatomy. These anatomical features have taxonomic significance, other relevant information is provided by some other scholars, which used to subdivide polygonum: Aconogonon, Persicaria, Bistorta, Reynoutria, Fallopia, Polygonum s. str., Fagopyrum, we also studied the Koenigia deeply, because it close to these species.On the basis of anatomical features, in combination with epidermal micro-morphology, pollen morphology, achene micromorphology, leaf vein pattern and sequence perianth venation pattern classification of characters, etc., we got the following major findings:1. Define the scope of Polygonaceae:China Polygonaceae can distinct to two different composition subfamily:Polygonideae and Rumicoideae.2. Define the scope of tribe:Polygonideae including Polygoneae and Atraphaxidead, Rumicoideae only including Rumiceae.3. Define the scope of Polygoneae:section Bistorta upgraded to Bistorta; section Aconogonon upgraded to Aconogonon; section Polygonum upgraded to Polygonum s. str.; section Persicaria upgraded to Persicaria.The results shows:Polygoneae including 9 genera:Persicaria, Bistorta, Koenigia., Aconogonon, Fallopia, Reynoutria, Antenoron, Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum.4. Treatment of some species:1) put Polygonum cyanandrum Diels, Polygonum nummularifolium Meisn., Polygonum forrestii Diels in Koenigia L. 2) Pteroxygonum giraldii Damm. upgraded to Pteroxygonum Dammer Diels 3) Reynoutria japonica Houttuyn and Fallopia Adanson will be open to independent 4) This study do not support put Polygonum delicatulum Meisn.and P. sparsipilosum A. J. L i. in Koenigia.5. Define the scope of Atraphaxidead:Calligonum, Atraphaxis, Parapteropyrum, Polygonum s. str.6. Define the scope of Rumiceae:Oxyria, Rumex, Rheum.