| 3S techniques was adapted in this paper, and based on scan topographic map and field survey, ArcGIS was used for digital map-making, 3D simulation and spatial analysis; village distribution pattern in a basin area (31km2) located in south part of Yi County was analyzed and selection principles for village location was summarized as well; A mathematical model describing correlation of village distribution was built using SPSS. The 5 well preserved ancient villages, TangMo, HongCun, NanPing, GuanLu and XiDi was selected for analysis, and based on principles and methods of landscape ecology, land use pattern of these selected villages was analyzed and compared; Meanwhile Shuikou landscape (a peculiar garden in Huizhou region) was summarized, several aspects such as Shuikou location of old village, component elements of Shuikou and their functions, and classification of Shuikou were studied. Main contents are as follows:(1) The analysis of both spatial and buffer indicated that village built-up area has significant relevance to village location; village built-up area located mainly in the region within 200m of mountain stream. In general, village built-up area extended vertically about 200m to 300m.(2) The linear regulation, y=2.882t+2.167E3, was established in the paper, It is apparent that there is significant correlation between village area and distance from village to river, and village built-up area situated at different buffer zone ( particular with buffer zone II) and village total area as well. Because a weak correlation existed between the total area and distance from village to river, village area could be a result of many factors.(3) There are obviously different in landscape patterns between valley type village and basin-plain type village. Such as basin-plain type village has more abundant landscape diversity, higher landscape fragmentation and lower landscape dominance as compared with valley type village. So the landscape of basin-plain type village has been subjected to disturbance.(4) Study on slope classification for main landscapes of 3 villages categories, the results showed that: forest land is the most dominance landscape in mountain type village and reached to the largest land proportion, and its and occupation proportion increased with slope increasing.Paddy field is another major agricultural landscape, and has the same distribution trend in both valley type village and basin-plain type village, distributed mainly in flat area. Economic forest distribution pattern is rather complicated. There are different distribution patterns in villages, in generally it is separated at hills with slope <15°, which varies with cropping species.(5) The function of Shuikou occurrence dynamic change. Shuikou changed from product of geomantic omen to public space, it also has the following functions, i.e. provide domestic water, production, defense, recreation and beautify the environment, but the basic purpose of Shuikou has not changed. In the paper, Shuikou landscape was classified as 5 different types according to its construction technique, topography and geomorphology of village, river scale: i.e. plain artificial type, plain semi-natural type, valley type, river mouth type and county town type.Finally, based on the characteristic of village's distribution, functions elements types, status of Shuikou, the author discussed on ancient village conservation, cultural inheritance, and village development model; These will provide a rational basis for transformation and development of ancient village in future in HuiZhou.
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