Study On Village Scale Landscape Long-term Change Based On '3S' Technology

RS, GIS and GPS are important tools on landscape ecology research. Landscape pattern and patch structure are the focal points and core. Most Landscape research based on large scale and short term change. Few studies have been conducted in further research on small-scale landscape ecology and its' dynamic changing. It comes now fulfilling the requirement of the research on small-scale landscape ecology with the developing of the spatial technology. Using "3S" tools , comparing landscape index and spatial analysis methods, based on 12 500mX500m village scale landscape as study objects, studied on village landscape pattern and long term changes in two different time period (ww2 and 2002). The main results listed as follow:1. According to the features of village scale landscape, considering landform, management and biota feature, select using FORM-USE-COVER-GROUP-TYPE strategy classification system. It can describe the features more accurately.2. Combining large-scale analysis and small-scale landscape sampling data survey, 3S technology can be used in village landscape research. The analysis results of village landscape changes can be used to improve village ecology environment.3. Getting high- resolution image, through RS and GIS analyzing and GPS field survey, all above are effective methods for getting data of high quality small-scale landscape ecology study. The method repeatable for current landscape survey is in 87.71% to 92.33%, and 80.10% to 91.83 for ww2 landscape survey. The accuracy of current landscape survey is 93.2%.4. Compare 2002 and WW2, one FORM (RS, small stream) disappeared. There are new 3 USE type(Livestock, Ornamental, and Irrigated land). There are no COVER type changes. GROUP had great changes.5. Compared two times patch scale landscape index, the most dominance index are SL and FS. The ponds are highly separately. The large patch is ow in ww2, but oe in 2002. The most complex patch shape is small stream and bared earth.6. Compared 2002 and WW2, village scale ecotope increased from 27 to 85, the landscape richness increased 4 times. Patches amount increased from 264 to 961, patches density increase from 88.1 to 320.6, largest patches is 1/3 of the past, it shows landscape more fragmental. The landscape shape index increased from 14.2 to 23.8. The shapes of patches and the landscape structure are more complex. The decreasing of landscape contagion index shows distance between different kinds of types increased, which proves landscape more fragmental. Shannon landscape diversity index increases from 1.53 to 3.14 means landscape variety increased. Landscape evenness index increased from 0.46 to 0.71, means landscape heterogeneous increased.7. There are about 80% of FORM spatial position have no changed, mostly concentrated in hilly area. There is about 35% of USE spatial position have changed, mostly concentrated in residential areas (village and nearby). And There are 70% of places changed in COVER. The type changed most in area is P, P mainly come from M. Cover changed mainly in hilly area.8. In WW2, the mainly village scale landscape type is SLTMow02. Its area is 144.22 hectares, which cover 48.07% of total. Secondly are FSPAri01 and SLRAac04, areas are 69.59 and 46.32 hectares and covered 23.20% and 15.44%. In 2002, main types distributed averagely。 They are FSPAri01, SLTPob02, SLRPoe41, SLRMoe38 and SLTMow02, the area are 48.59, 35.80, 24.08, 21.65 and 18.11 hectares, which covered 16.20%, 11.93%, 8.03%, 7.22% and 6.04%. Compared the two times, there are only 20% places, which have no changes in village scale landscape (ecotope). SLTMow02 changed most. SLTMow02 mainly transferred to SLTPob02 and XXXoeXXX. The total transfer ratio is 19%. There are 8 types disappeared. They are ANCSnb30, PAAWaq07, PAFWwa02, PBFWwaOl, PBFWwa02, RSFWwa02, SLFEbe01 and SLTMpe03. In general, except the paddy fields keeps stable, other places changed great.