Ethnobotanical Study On Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document

In the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi (1717), the woodcut edition of Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document was published in Beijing. It is a combinative interpretation of Manchu-Mongolian dictionary, with a total of 21 volumes, 12,000 entries, divided into 280 categories. It includes 492 entries related to the plants which are usually used as vegetables, grains and fruits in 18^th volume, furthermore, sorted as grass, trees and flowers in 19^th volume. In the Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document, 302 plants species and 190 special words related to plants are particularly described, making this book recording the most plants species hitherto and related words in Mongolian.At first, this dissertation analyzes those terms used to describe morphology of plants and corresponding interpretation in the Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document, paying attention to the description of plant species as viewed from Ethnobotany, and shows the development of Mongolian botany at the beginning of 18^th century.In addition, this dissertation checks those 302 words of plants, according to the description of plant species recorded and consulting characteristics used in modern plant taxonomy. The result is this book collects and records 16 plant species of spore plants, 269 species of spermatophyte, including 9 species of gymnosperm and 260 species of angiosperm, and other 17 plant species which presents repeatedly or are not classified by now. The analyzing accomplishment of plants taxa presenting in The Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document recurs the realization and utilization history of plants of Mongolians, and exhibits the development of Mongolian botany then. On the basis of consulting the plants cultivation history, it finds that there are 78 cultivated plants of 285 plant species recorded. Analysis of these cultivated plants reflects the basic circumstances of grains, vegetables, fiber plants, oil-plants, fruit trees and other crops used in those days, furthermore, exhibiting the level of agricultural production correspondingly.At last, it seeks the function and effect of this book, considering the spread of modern science to Mongols and its development, and concludes its contribution of this book to Mongolian botany and promoting values of inducing Mongolian dictionary.The search of traditional Mongolian botany knowledge in the Imperial Manchu-Mongolian Combination Document will promote the development of Mongolian Ethnobotany, also accelerate the growth of Mongolian botany history, and have a great effect on the development of modern Mongolian botany.