The Analysis Of Landscape Pattern Evolution And Driving Mechanism In Multi-cities Of Central Liaoning Based GIS And RS

This paper took multi-cities of central Liaoning which is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in our country as the study area. And taking the remote sensing images of Landsat TM in 1992 and 2006 as the basic data, we acquired the distribution map of landscape pattern by the technology of GIS(Geographic Information System) and RS(Remote Sensing). Based on the landscape pattern index and the transfer matrix which reflects dynamic changes of landscape type, this paper analyzed the characteristics of regional landscape and the dynamic changes of spatial pattern within fifteen years. Also analyzed the driving mechanism that was impacted the landscape pattern.And taking Shenyang City as example, the paper carried out in-depth analysis to the urban spatial expansion characteristics of the rapid urbanization area.The results of study indicated that farmland and woodland is dominated in the research area; The increase of farmland and urban and rural construction land and the decrease of woodland were the most significant; Urban and rural construction land have the largest Patch density and largest increase numbers; Farmland and water area have the biggest perimeter-area fractal dimension, and have the complex patch shape; The fractal dimension of grassland decreases the fastest, those due to the great transformation of human and the patch shape tended to rule; The aggregation degree of farmland and woodland was relatively high and have small change; The aggregation degree of grassland reduced obviously and the degree of fragmentation was serious. The farmland and woodland have the highest connectivity. The grassland declined fastest and the space connectivity is reduced. The number and the density of patch in study area have increased, the patch shape tends to simple and the trend of fragmentation is obvious.From the transfer matrix of landscape types, we can know that forest land transfer the largest, and was mainly occupied by farmland. The situation of destroy the forest to farm was very serious. Forest land and farmland turned to the urban and rural construction land, such as residential areas in plain encroached a large number of farmland and mining Areas in mountain occupied a large amount of forest land. The grassland and unused land change the fastest, and have the descending trend, this due to the human intensity exploitation to the grassland and unused land. In conclusion, the change of landscape types is mainly the decrease of woodland grassland unused land and the increase of farmland water area and urban and rural construction land.The driving mechanism of the landscape pattern was analyzed from natural factors, human factors and policy factors. Principal component analysis and multiple regression method are used to research the driving mechanism of farmland change. The results showed the development of social economy and the growth of population, the progress of agricultural science technology, and the natural factors such as the temperature and rainfall are the main driving factors which result in the farmland change.For analyzing the expansion of urban landscape in rapid urbanization area, took Shenyang City as the study area. The paper analyzed the expansion of urban landscape in rapid urbanization area based on the remote sensing images in different periods, and extracted the information of urban expansion by using human-computer interactive method. By the function of GIS spatial statistical and analysis, urban temporal and spatial expansion characteristics of Shenyang city was analyzed from the Several aspects, such as growth intensity, the center coordinates, compact index, fractal index, elasticity coefficient, and so on. And the driving force of urban expansion was also discussed. The result shows that, the urban build-up area and the expansion intensity of Shenyang City increased continuously in recent 30 years, and both the size and the rate of urban expansion reached the largest during the period of 2001 to 2006. The urban expansion has obvious spatial variation, the urban gravity shifted to the southwest; and at the same time, the compact index decreased and the fractal index increased, the urban spatial configuration became more and more complex. The main driving forces causing urban expansion include the natural environmental factors, the economic development, the population growth, the traffic infrastructure construction and the government policy and planning.