Distribtions Of Terrestrial Wildlife And Corridor Planning In Towns Of Chongming, Shanghai

Ecological corridor is a thin strip different from surrounding environment,which efficiently connects other landscape units in ecosystems.At the same time,it is used by wildlife and potentially allowing movement of biotic factors between two areas, providing the habitat to wildlife,increasing the connectivity of patches and facilitating moving and gene-exchange of species,which make the wildlife possible to survive and multiply in isolated patches.Landscape pattern is the space allocation of landscape units with different sizes and shapes and the special performance of landscape heterogeneity.It reflects different landscape function.In addition,it impacts the biodiversity degree,species distribution and activity situation,and then affects many ecological processes to a certain extent.During constructing Eco-city in Shanghai,ecological development of Chongming Island has been an essential content.Based on historical survey and research data,the wildlife resource of Chongming was rich.Wildlife as an important part of ecosystems and one of the environmental indicators is protected by state laws, so enriching its resources is regarded as the top priority of Chongming eco-construction.In addition,reasonable landscape pattern in Chongming have not formatted yet,and it was all relatively low in continuity,accessibility,appreciation, networking,regionality and diversity of landscape,therefore greatly reduced ecological service functions.In order to plan the landscape pattern reasonably in Chongming,especially to use and improve the existing landscape network by constructing ecological corridor,and protect wildlife and its habitat diversity,related municipal branch and research institutions actively have participated to construct eco-island in Chongming.They carried out specialized project on habitat building for wildlife in Chongming.As an important component of the project,by planning the ecological corridor,the purpose of my study is to optimize the plant species choice, create suitable habitats to attract wildlife,and build a harmonious ecological environment where people and wildlife live.The study mainly includes:(1)In order to assessed the terrestrial wildlife resources in Chongming,surveyed species,quantity and habitat of wildlife including birds,amphibians,reptiles and small mammal,then according to computational statistics and historical data, selected target species to analyze the wildlife population scale,community distribution,and the impact of habitat factors.(2)Determined relationship between wildlife distribution and landscape pattern such as urban-rural pattern,greenbelt and farmland,water system in Chongming.(3)After analyzing distribution trend of each kind of wildlife and determining rich-species nodes,planed the overall mode of wildlife corridor as a loop first,and then planed the classified corridors separately based on road greenbelt,water system and its coast,shelter belts and the community greenbelt.The main results show:(1)Chongming has the abundant wildlife resources,but there has been still a certain degree of fragmentation on wildlife communities.Urbanization factors and human factors have obvious negative impacts on wildlife activities;but vegetation and water factors have positive impacts on the survival of most wildlife.(2)As the main land-used type in Chongming,farmland area with low degree fragmentation and low level of human disturbance is the main wildlife habitats, especially for amphibians and reptiles,as well as an important origin of species source for wildlife corridor planning.(3)The density of water system has an important effect on wildlife diversity.Too low or high density could both hamper the animal growth,while the water system with moderate density,as the origin of food and water and the human isolation, facilitate wildlife inhabiting.(4)From the perspective of the whole pattern,the species and quantity of wildlife are lower in urban central;the road as the important area of human activity,has seriously hindered the diffusion of terrestrial wildlife,and reduced the number of wildlife around.Habitat with high landscape diversity has obvious higher wildlife quantity and variety,so it could be served as important origin of species source.(5)The corridor planning centers on the basic loop one,builds bracket and radiation ones as supports,and constructs classified corridor network respectively to form the continuous wildlife habitat,then it is supposed to increase the activity and spread range of wildlife for protecting wildlife diversity effectively.In addition,the study has innovations in the following three aspects:(1)Started with the analysis of wildlife resources,the construction of ecological corridor was not only based on distribution of landscape pattern,but also for wildlife protection,played a more direct and effective role in ecological construction for the island.(2)Analyzed four indices of each species of each sample plot on GIS platform,and then visually displayed distribution pattern of wildlife communities in Chongming,so that the research process looked more objective.(3)Regarded the whole Chongming Island as the object,planned the corridor from building overall framework to classified plan on the large-scale,which would played the more macro-guiding role in Chongming wildlife corridor planning.