The Research Of Ecological Restoration Of Datong Abandoned Coal Mine In Anhui Huainan Area

The ecological restoration of abandoned coal mine in Anhui Huainan area has great significance.This article is the design and sum-up of the ecological restoration.The restoration is the example of combination of abandoned mine restoration theory and practice.The restoration can be used as the model of ecological restoration and standards in other regional and reference minerals.T In this paper,we researched the recovery of human-troubled sub-tropical-temperate transition zone of vegetation,and this lay a foundation for follow-up study.In combination with other laws and regulations we had established the basic principles of repair,including the reparation must follow the laws of nature,the repaired system must keep running independently and to be able to meet the multiple ecological benefits,to be able to sustain the survival of appropriate consumers,and in the selection of plants in the restoration, local species must be used in priority.The basic track of the repair is natural restoration and supplemented by artificial means of rehabilitation.Different environments use different recovery methods.The area of gangue-soil is the main part of the restoration,at first earth up it and then used the method of greatest-diversity-species and the method of framework-species,in the restoration of the subsidence pit area we mend the polluted water at first and then the terrain and the vegetation.It is better to repair the s pit area as wetland environment.The soil nutrient of mining area was determined.The results showed that the available nitrogen and available phosphorus are serious shortage.Available K is lack in part of samples. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen are very different in different regions.It is rich in wetlands, short in the coal gangue and chemical pollution land.Survey shows that there are 363 kinds of plants in 97 families in Huainan region,and 235 species of plants in 72 families in the Datong mine area.Huainan has plant species of wide regions,geographic distribution of seed plants in this area is complex,and the most are temperate element,the tropical and cosmopolitan species take a great supplement.On the basic of the plant research we selected 246 species of plants in the ecological restoration.The project made use of germplasm resource of natural and artificial.Soil seed bank studies have shown that top soil and wetland soil which has a large number of seeds is good seed source. In repair plants selection we pay particular attention to nitrogen-fixing plants.We selected 25 kinds of legumes and 4 kinds of non-legume nitrogen fixation for the repair of coal gangue soil.As the restoration result,the area increased total 113 kinds of plants,including 25 kinds of herbs,which had increased the species diversity of the mining area.After repaired the communities diversity index had a great increase,for example,by the repairing the Simpson's index of original gangue and contaminated soil had changed from 0 to about 0.4,and the use of coverage and sub coverage measured Simpson's index rose to about 0.6.Determination of the growth of cultivated plants shows that the majority of plants grow well and witch shows that the plant species selected and cultivated is reasonable.