Characteristics Of Semi-natural Communities In Wuhan

In this article,we studies on semi—natural communities by typical plot method in Wuhan city.We focus on the fauna components,diversity,structure and success of semi—natural communities in 74 communities in 8 mountains in order to looking for some indigenous plant species and communities suitable to gardening in Wuhan city.In addition,we can find proper species and communities for the restoration of zonal vegetation in Wuhan city.The main results are as follows:1.Among the 74 surveyed communities,there are 18 communities which the important value(IPV) of dominant species in tree layer are above 0.5 and the proportion is 23.22%;there are 42 communities which the IPV are from 0.3 to 0.5 accounting for 56.76%;others are below 0.3.But for brush layer,there is only 1 community which the IPV is above 0.5,there are 13 communities which the IPV of dominant species are 0.3—0.5(18.92%),others are below 0.3.The condition of herb layer is similar:there are 5 communities which the IPV of dominant species are above 0.5(6.74%),and there are 41.89%(31) communities which IPV of dominant species are from 0.3 to 0.5.So the main community types of semi—natural communities in Wuhan city are co—dominant communities,single—dominant communities are fewer.2.According to China vegetative classification system,the 74 surveyed communities belong to 2 vegetation type groups(Coniferous forest and Broad-leaved forest),5 vegetation types(Warm coniferous forest,Deciduous broad-leaved forest,Evergreen broad-leaved forest,Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and Cool temperate coniferous forest) and 41 formations.And the vegetation of warm coniferous forest is the most vegetation type group(47.3%).Deciduous broad-leaved forest,Evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are common vegetation types accounting for 18.92%,16.22%and 13.51%respectively.The temperate coniferous forest is the least vegetation type(4.05%).3.There are 332 species in total of plants of semi-natural communities which belonging to 102 families and 232 genera.,they contain 9 species of gymnosperm belonging to 4 families and 7 genera,306 species of angiospermae belonging to 86 families and 212 genera,267 species of dicotyledoneae belonging to 78 families and 179 genera,39 species of monocotyledoneae belonging to 33 families and 8 genera and 16 pteridophyta species belonging to 11 families and 12 genera.According to composition of species,there are 97 tree species,93 shrub species and 141 herb species(pteridophyta species are included).There are four families which contain above 20 species,they are Compositae,Rosaceae,Gramineae and Leguminosae,Besides Compositae which includes 23 species,other 3 families include 21 kinds.There are 3 families including 10～20 species,those are Fagaceae,Labiatae and Euphorbiaceae;12 families including 5～9 species,they are Polygonaceae,Rubiaceae,Oleaceae,Rutaceae,Rhamnaceae, Cyperaceae,Liliaceae,Ulmaceae,Vitaceae,Celastraceae,Verbenaceae and Magnoliaceae,33 families including 2～4species,39 families including only 1 species.4.In 91 families of plants of semi-natural communities in Wuhan,the worldwide spread type,the tropic type,the temperate type and the China endemic type account for 32.97%,48.35%,18.68%,0%respectively.At genera level,the proportion of the worldwide spread type is 16.89%,that of the tropic type is 39.27%,that of the temperate type is 42.47%,and that of the China endemic type is 1.83%.5.The diversity of communitiesThe richness of semi-natural communities in Wuhan concentrates in 30 to 55 with the average of 44.The average of the tree layer is 14,that of the shrub layer is 17 and that of the herb layer is 13.The average of diversity index of the tree layer is 0.93 and concentrates in 0.7 to 1.2, that of the shrub layer is 2.41 and concentrates in 2 to 3,that of the herb layer is 1.35 and concentrates in 0.9 to 1.5.The average of evenness index of the tree layer is 0.35 and concentrates in 0.1 to 0.5; that of the shrub layer is 0.64 and concentrates in 0.55 to 0.75;the average of the herb layer was 0.35 and concentrates in 0.25 to 0.45.So the richness of semi-natural communities in Wuhan among three layers are close in data,but the diversity index of shrub layer is the highest and the diversity index of tree layer is the lowest.6.In Wuhan semi-natural communities,Phaenerophyte is the dominant life-form occupying about 58.18%of all species.Hemicryptophyte occupies about 22.64%and therophytes occupies about 14.15%.The proportion order of life-form of semi-natural communities in Wuhan is phaenerophytes＞hemicryptophytes＞therophytes＞chamaephytes＞cryptophytes.7.The horizontal structure of communitiesThe plant frequencies of semi-natural communities in Wuhan are mainly concentrated in grade A.The frequency distribution of the investigated communities is accord with the rule A＞B＞C＞D.There are 11 communities according with E＞D of the total 74 communities. 8.The average height of the tree layer of semi-natural communities in Wuhan is 15m, the average density of canopy is 0.83.The average height of the shrub layer is 1.2m and the coverage is 46.94%.The average height of the herb layer is 0.35m and the coverage is 41.97%.Most communities display obvious stratification.They have tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer and the differences of height of three layers are notable.9.The regeneration of dominant tree species of communitiesAmong the investigated 74 communities,there are 12 species regenerated well,and they are Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl,Quercus aliena Blume etal;There are 13 species regenerated medium and they are Liquidamba formosana Hance,Quercus fabri Hance etal;But there are 49 species inadequate-regenerated and non-regenerated species, they are Platycladus orientalis(Linn.)Franco,Pinus massoniana Lamb.etal.10.Analyze of succession trend of communitiesIn 74 communities,the stable species contain Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl.,Quercus acutissima Carruth.etal;the succession species contain Broussonetia papyrifera,Celtis sinesis Pers.,flex purpurea Hassk.etal;the renewal species contained Photinia serrulata Lindl.,Ligustrum lucidum Ait.etal;the declining species contain Pinus massoniana Lamb.,Taxodium ascendens.Brongn,Cupressus funebris etal;the casual species contain Sambucus williamsii Hance,Amorpha fruticosa L.etal.In semi-natural communities in Wuhan,there are 14 well-regenerated and stable communities,they are Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl+ Liquidambar formosana Hance-Celtis sinensis Pers.-Cayratia japonica(Thunb.) Gagnep.+Asplenium incisum Thunb.;Quercus chenii Nakai+Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Lindera glauca(Sieb.et Zucc.) Bl.+Trachycarpus fortunei(Hook.) H.Wendl.-Dryopteris setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa+Cayratia japonica(Thunb.)Gagnep.;Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Campsis grandiflora+Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.) Ait.-Dryopteris setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa;Quercus variabilis Blume+Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Symplocos paniculata(Thunb.) Miq.+Mallotus repandus(WiUd.) Muell.Arg.-Pteris cretica Linn.var.nervossa;Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.Et Zucc.+Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Lindera glauca(Sieb.et Zucc.) Bl.+Wisteria sinensis(Sims) Sweet-Poa annua;Lithocarpus glaber(Thunb.) Nakai-Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz.+Ilex purpurea Hassk.-Dryopteris setosa(Thunb.) Akasawa;Quercus variabilis Blume-Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.) Ait.-Dryopteris setosa(Thunb.) Akasawa;Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl +Quercus variabilis Blume-Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz.-Dryopteris setosa(Thunb.) Akasawa+Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.) Sw.;Quercus acutissima Carr.-Lindera glauca(Sieb.et Zucc.) Bl. -Asplenium incisum Thunb.;Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Ligustrum lucidum Ait.+Rosa multiflora Thunb.-Pteris multifida Poir.;Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl -Quercus acutissima Carr.-Commelina communis Linn.;Broussonetia papyrifera+ Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl-Rosa multiflora Thunb.+erissa japonica(Thunb.) Thunb.Nov.Gen.-Boehmeria nivea(Linn.)Gaudich.;Ligustrum lucidum Ait.-Lespedeza bicolor-Ipomoea cairica(Linn.) Sweet+ Pteris cretica Linn.var.nervossa and Lagerstroemia indica+Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl-Serissa japonica(Thunb.) Thunb.Nov.Gen.-Dryopteris setosa(Thunb.) Akasawa+Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.) Sw.;respectively.Succession trend of semi-natural communities in Wuhan may be evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest which concentrate on Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl,Quercus fabri Hance,Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus acutissima Garr.,Ilex purpurea Hassk.,Quercus variabilis Blume,Celtis sinensis Pers.,Alangium chinense(Lour.) Harms,Liquidambar formosana Hance,Quercus chenii Nakai,Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai may be transition species which from pioneer communities to the zonal evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest.