The Reappearance Of Lost Scenery: Study In The Spacial Form Of Natural Landscape Of The Historic Towns In Northern Shanxi Province

In the past thousands of years, many factors will be considered while people build a town. When a town is located, people always pay much attention to consider the natural shape characters of the scenery around, where is easy to defense when the war occurred, with graceful natural environment, and can rise up the acknowledge of the environmental beauty on the sense of visual and apperception. Accordingly, form the most superior apperception pattern of Natural Landscape Spacial Form. This kind of form among human, nature and towns can be regarded as the "the special feeling of the location". So, the substitute word "scenery" is used to describe the physiognomy interspaced characterization, and has gradually formed the historical pattern of Natural Landscape Spacial Form which is one kind of most superior apperception patterns of Natural Landscape Spacial Form. Nowadays, the predicament of thousands of cities with similar construction styles, and the disharmony between the manual builds and the artistic conception of natural landscape, all caused people to introspect deeply. Then what can we learn from the Natural Landscape described by the ancient "Scenery" , and what's the reference value of it to our present's town planning construction?Combining the literature conception of the ancient Chinese thought of " Scenery" and expression of the traditional scenery taste, embarking from the different ideological mode and research characteristic of the east and the west, with emphasis on the inner Spacial Form of towns and their exterior scenery pattern structure spacial form, also on evolution and constitution of mutual vision Chain and apperception Chain's, etc., the paper base on the overall landform characteristic to divide the scenery patterns of four historic towns (Yulin, Shenmu, Jiaxian, Fugu) in Northern Shan xi Province into two big types of "Chuan dao", and "Guan shan", while according to the respective characteristics of their scenery patterns, the paper subdivided them into four types of "three mountains Clamp a river", "two mountains Clamp a river", "rivers surrounding a mountain" and "a river in front of a mountain". Based on this the paper initially proposes the structure of "the ideal pattern of Scenery" and the spatial shape unification idea of "divinity space", "ceremony space", " human space", "landform space", which explain the towns space construction way between the traditional towns and the natural scenery environment from the scenery cognition's angle.The paper studied the four historic towns' overall location, historical vicissitude and construction of scenery, namely influence to the towns from Landform space, microclimate, best spatial view, defense function structure, city culture image, and so on, The author thought that "the scenery" is a kind of most superior apperception pattern of Natural Landscape Spacial Form, Also, the paper proposes that protection and re-construction of "visual chain" and "apperception chain" is one of the pattern construction's principles of "the Scenery", and it is even the planning and designing method of maintaining the cultural extension of traditional history towns in modern town development. Simultaneously concluded the same characterization of the four historical towns of Shan xi province; make some suggestions to develop the historical towns in north of Shan xi province.