Research On Landscape Pattern Changes Of The Old Course Of Yellow River In Ming-Qing Dynasties And The Area Beside The Lower Reaches Of The Yellow River Based On 3S

The technology which is used primarily to analyze the space-time changes in the landscape and the sub-index of the Old Course of the Ming-Qing Dynasties and the coastal areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River landscape is 3S .The purpose of this paper is to classify landscapes in the Old Course of the Ming-Qing Dynasties and the coastal areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, convert their area and establish a sign of landscape classification system and the interpretation by using the terrestrial resources multi-band satellite remote sensing image of the Old Course of the Ming-Qing Dynasty and the lower reaches of the Yellow River in 1980,1992 and 2000, together with the land-use map, topographic maps and GPS survey. I used the diversity of landscape, dominance, landscape fragmentation index and the distribution center, and other landscape pattern indexes, and analyze systematically the changes of the landscape pattern along Old Course of the Ming-Qing Dynasties and the coastal areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the near 20 years.This paper is divided in to six parts as follows:Part I: The basic principles of landscape ecology, the background and development of the landscape pattern;Part II: Profile;Part III: Methods and technology used in this paper;Part IV: The main part. The analysis of the space-time structure of the landscape characteristics along the Old Course of the Ming-Qing Dynasties and the coastal areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River by the model based of the change of spatial pattern characterization;Part V: Drive mechanism and control measures;Part VI: Conclusion.The results showed that in the past 20 years, there have been fluctuations in all the pattern, size, number of patches, the centre of mass displacement along the landscape area which was studied in this paper. Each index of the turf, sand, saline marshes and other types of the landscape changed a lot, and it was impact significantly. The proportion of differences of each kind of landscape increased, and the diversity decreased in the Old Course area. The proportion of differences of each kind of landscape decreased, and the diversity increased along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The landscape fragmentation index in the Old Course area is 0.00317, which is higher than that along the coastal areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is 0.00256. This indicates that the landscape fragmentation along the lower reaches of the Yellow River is much higher than that in the Old Course area, while the plaque density is lower than that in the Old Course area. And the types of landscape along the lower reaches of the Yellow River is superior to that in the Old Course area, while the average fractal dimension and shape spot slotted rings of the landscape is lower than that in the Old Course area. It indicates that the average fractal dimension and shape spot slotted rings in the Old Course area is more complicated than that along the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The changes of the landscape relate closely to the climate, the water of the Yellow River and the human activities. Temperature, precipitation and other climate influence the pattern of the landscape largely. And that getting warmer is one of the reasons for that the center of some landscape "Northwestwards". Population growth and economic activity also have large impact on the change of the pattern of the landscape. Among all above the effect on human activities is much more profound.