Ecological And Physiological Research On Biological Differentiation Of Related Plant

It is necessary to adapt to environment in the progress of biological evolution, and the physiological and ecological characters of the plant is the result of the long-term evolution. The objective of this study was to discuss the differentiation of the need to environmental factors and the plant characters, and to combine the study of Plant evolutionary ecology and Ecological plant physiology. We analyzed the distribution and the environmental characters of Lycoris, Calycanthaceae and Mosla to definitude the overlap and separate status and caculate the need to environment accurately. The main conclusions are as followed:We found that in terms of biomass production L. chinensis can be cultivated under a broad range of irradiance levels from full to 30% sunlight. For L. longituba, high irradiance levels increased the rate of net photosynthesis. For both L. chinensis and L. longituba the full sunlight treatment produced the most attractive plants characterized by shorter, wider and darker green leaves, features that appeal to consumers. However, none of the growth traits of L. sprengeri were affected by the three treatments over the entire experimental period. It can be concluded that L. chinensis and L. longituba are best cultivated under full sunlight to produce potting plants with the most economic value while L. sprengeri can be produced and will persist in a range of light environments.All the three Lycoris species are best cultivated under 100% soil water holding capacity. For L. chinensis, high water levels increased the rate of net photosynthesis, while it had lower biomass production at 30% soil water holding capacity. For both L. longituba and L. sprengeri, he rate of net photosynthesis and the growth traits were decleased obviously at 60% soil water holding capacity. However, the chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll a/b ratio of the three Lycoris species were not acclimation characteristics for Lycoris species in response to the water treatment. It can be concluded that all the three species are best cultivated under 100% soil water holding capacity to produce potting plants with the most economic value. Results from this study should provide useful information for the cultivation of these species: all the three species should be cultivated under 100% soil water holding capacity.The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn_max, the light compensation point (LCP) and the light saturation point (LSP) were relative lower in all the Calycanthaceae species, which were typical shade-tolerance species, while there were differentiation of photosynthetic and growth characters among four species. C. zhejiangensis had the largest photosynthetic capacity and biomass production. he smallest LCP while the largest H/CD ratio,the space between leaf (SL), the space between node (SN), specific leaf area (SLA) and LA/LB ratio occurred in S. chinensis. Compared with other species, S. chinensis has the ability of absorb dispersion irradiation weaker and fit to grow in the edge of forcst rather than understory. However, in situ conservation often made S. chinensis become understory trees because the growth of evergreen forests. Moreover, the short growth period, the larger and thin and sparse leaf which damaged easily made S. chinensis growth feebleness and the reproduce capacity weakness under forests and become endangered species.The differentiation of life history of C. zhejiangensis, C. salicifolius and C. praecox were found in our study. C. zhejiangensis was evergreen with the longest annual photosynthesis and the higest ability of absorb dispersion irradiation. The largest the net photosynthetic capacity and biomass production occurred at C. zhejiangensis both in June and in December. C. salicifolius was halfevergreen with the smallest photosynthetic capacity in December. C. praecox was deciduous with the smallest photosynthetic capacity among the three species in June and it defoliated and decreased photosynthetic capacity in December. All the three species belong to typical shade-tolerance species and the capacity of shade-tolerance in C. praecox higher than other species.The largest diurnal mean net photosynthetic rate (P_Nmean), stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf water use efficiency (WUE), the apical height (H) and crown diameter (CD) of M. chinensis and M. scabra were occurred at 60% and 90% soil water holding capacity (WHC) respectively, while the smallest values occurred at 20% WHC in both two species. The Pn, g_s, WUE, H and CD of M. chinensis were larger than those of M. scabra, while the chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b contents, the physiological plasticity indices were smaller than those of M. scabra. M. scabra is more sensitivity and has smaller drought resistance to soil water status transform than M. chinensis. The height traits of M. scabra increased with the increase of soil moisture, it showed that M. scabra was a resourcer, which increased the height to obtain more irradiance at humid soil. However, the height traits of M. chinensis increased from W₂₀ to W₆₀, then decreased with the increased of soil water availability,. it indicated M. chinensis could not enhanced the competitive ability for irradiation and failure in community under well water conditions. The height traits negative with soil water conditions showed M. chinensis could tolerate drought and become endurant species. M. chinensis only was a fringe species not dominant species in community in lower water use ability because of the less competitive ability. There are two main adaptation types of plants to water stress, drought avoidance and drought tolerance, and the different adaptation types might affect the viability and distribution of a species. We found the rare species Mosla chinensis and congeneric weediness species M. scabra developed on the way of drought tolerance and drought avoidance respectively.