The Study Of Cranial Trait Near The Upstream Of Huanghe River And It's Surrounding Area Of Pre-Qin Dynasty

This dissertation, sum total of three chapters ,is based on Archaeology discovery and skeleton measurement. These skeletons excavated from the area near the upstream of Huanghe River. The research methods are skeleton measurement statistics.Chapter 1 ExordiumExordium introduces nature geography environment near the upstream of the Huanghe River, the background of Archaeology and significance of the research.Chapter 2 Materials methods and analyses:Introduce the places where these skeletons were excavated from, the time when these people exist. Introduce anthropology traits of ancient groups of pre-Qin dynasty. Euclidean distance, Hierarchical cluster analysis and principle components methods are used to analyse data and relationship among these ancient groups.Hierarchical cluster results show that there are a lot of similarities among residents of Lijiashan group, Shangsunjiazhai group, Ahatela group, Hetaozhuang group, Huoshaogou group, Liuwan group, Yanbulake M group, Yangshan group.There are a little contrasts between Haiyuan group and the ancient residents in Gansu province, Qinghai province and Ningxia province. There are a little contrasts between Donghuishan group and the ancient residents in Gansu province, Qinghai province and Ningxia province,too.There are a lot of similarities among residents of Yongchangshajing group, Guyuanpengpu group and Guoxianyaozi group.These three groups are definitely different from Ancient Northwest Chinese Type in the upstream of Huanghe River of Pre-Qin.Principle components results show that Jiuzhan group is different from all the other groups; There are a lot of similarities among residents of Yongchangshajing group,Guyuanpengpu group,Guoxianyaozi group ,there three groups are different from Ancient Northwest Chinese Type; There are a lot of similarities among residents of Ahatela group, Lijiashan group, Shangsunjiazhai group, Huoshaogou group, Yangshan group, Hetaozhuang group, Yanbulake M group, Liuwan group and Ancient Northwest Chinese Type; Donghuishan group, Wayaogou group, Xicunzhou group, Caiyuan group are not so close to Ancient Northwest Chinese Type.Another result show that Jiuzhan group are different from all the other groups ,different from the Ancient Northwest Chinese Type; Ganguya group is close to Ancient Northwest Chinese Type ; Wayaogou group is similar to Ancient Northwest Chinese Type in a way.Chapter 3 resultsIn Neolithic Age, the residents in the area near the upstream of Huanghe River are the same type. In Bronze Age, this fact changed: the residents in north china settled in, the residents in Ningxia and the middle of Gansu province characterized by some North Asia mongoloid modality; In Gansu, the skeletons excavated from Longdong area are much closer to the skeletons excavated from Center Plain.In Bronze Age, Yanbulake M group is the same with the Ancient Northwest Chinese Type.The skeletons, which excavated from the area near the upstream of Huanghe River, belong to Ancient Northwest Chinese Type maybe the residents called"qiang"in our ancient books.