| The Nanjishan Nature Reserve locates at the southwest shore in Poyang Lake and the delta water where Gan River goes into Poyang Lake. The Longitude east of Greenwich is from 116 ° 10 '33" to 116 °25 '05" . And the Northern latitude is from 28 ° 52 '05" to 29 °06 '50". Subjected to the hydrology in Poyang Lake, the inner lake is the style of swallow and seasonal freshwater lake. And the whole area takes on the interleaving swampy sight of river, lake and shoal. Owing to its special geography position and complicated natural environment, it is abundant in natural resources and biological diversity.The fish species of Nanjishan Nature Reserve were 58 that belong to 6 orders 14 families 43 genus, which were investigated from March, 2004 to February, 2005. There were 37 species belonging to Cyprinidae which took up 63.79% in total. Furthermore, the community diversity and concentricity of fish inside the area were better (H=6.6679, λ=0.3544) . Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus became dominant species (RA=60.22%) . But the equitability was lower (EH=0.4041) . Comparing to the prevenient data, the fish resource trended to decay, the individual size trended to smallness, and the age trended to low.The colonial genetic variations in Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus were analyzed with RAPD. Eight primers were screened out from 40 random primers were propitious to analyze the genomic DNA with RAPD in Cyprinus carpio, which generate 60 bands. The number of polymorphic band was 54, and the percentage of polymorphism was 91%. 8 primers Sieving from 40 random primers were fit to analyze the genomic DNA with RAPD in Carassius auratus, which generate 61 bands. The number of polymorphic band was 51, and the percentage of polymorphism was 82.03%. The result analyzed by software POPGENE indicated that the colonial genetic diversity in Cyprinus carpio (He=0.3301, H0=0.4910) and Carassius auratus (He=0.3186, H0=0.4758) were both high.
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