Studies On The Community Biodiversity Of Birds In Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve

Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve lies in the south of the main body of Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in china. This terra, which is important for the water birds to pass through the winter and a significant transfer station, takes a basilic part of the migratory journey of Asia-Australia migratory water birds. Since the last 80s, many ornithologists have successively investigated the avian resources in Poyang lake. However, most of them focused partially on the rare waterfowls. For our part, a survey was conducted on the avian community and their habitats of Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve from September 2005 to March 2007 in order to find out the avian community structure, seasonal dynamics, and relationships between different habitats. The main results showed as follows:1. One hundred and seventy-eight avian species were recorded, belonging to 13 orders, 40 families and including, 39 residents ,38 travelers and 101 migrants including 77 winter migrant species and 24 summer migrant species. The species numbers of palaearctic region, widespread and oriental region were 96, 50 and 32, respectively.2. Twenty-one out of recorded 178 species were protected nationally, and among which 4 species and 18 species were listed in the First and Second Category of State key protected Wildlife List respectively, and 47 species were protected provincially. 26 species are listed in the list of CITES (5 species in appendixâ… ,13 species in appendixâ…¡and 8 species in appendixâ…¢). 9 species are listed in the list of China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals in which there are 2 endangered species, 4 rare species,6 vulnerable species and 1 indefinite species.3. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou uniformity index were used to analyze the diversities of the bird community. The highest diversity index occurred in spring (3.11) and those in autumn (2.91), winter (2.90), summer (2.65) followed orderly. In addition, the annual diversity index of birds in Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve is 3.19.4. Analysis was conducted on the seasonal dynamic of avian groups of Herons, Ducks and Shorebirds et al on the basis of annual investigation and the relationship between avian community and the habitats was discussed, which were altogether expected to provide references for reserve structure. There was annual fluctuation from winter to summer due to the main occupancy of migrants, which were prone to migrate during February and March when a species peek period was occurred. It shows that the water depth, vegetation types and coverage determine the distribution and richness of food together.5. Combining the practical condition of the reserve, six communities of birds in Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve were divided. The composition, community biodiversity, evenness indices and similarity of communities were analyzed.6. Based on the results of investigation, we analyzed the main threats confronting with Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve were: traditional halieutics havocing the habitats of migratory birds; jamming such as herding, illegal hunting, the water birds poisoning, agricultural development; incompleteness of reserve constitution and the roughness of the management system. Relevant protection suggestions had been proposed upon those questions.