Research On The Historical Process Of Chinese Modern Scientific And Technical Institutionalization

Since modern age, the interaction of science and technology and society strengthens continuously, science and technology develop gradually and become a kind of special social institution. This kind of scientific and technical institution has become the superior valid means for national scientific and technical resources disposal, the level of scientific and technical institutionalization also has become an important dimension that measures the developing degree of each national science and technology.In above-mentioned background, this thesis makes a thorough research on the historical process of Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization from the angle of philosophy, asking for the existing historical data about science and technology, making use of the relative theory of the sociology. Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization experienced mostly three periods: embryo, formation and development. Along with the introduction of western modern science and technology, development of scientific and technical education, emergence of scientist's community, extensive expansion of Scientific and technical activity, coming forth of scientific and technical association, establishment of the Science Society of China, scientific and technical activity turned into the organizational and collective activity from the past loose personal independent research, Chinese science and technology start to follow the orbit of institutionalization. Because of the developing demand of Chinese science and technology and the political demand of citizen's government asking urgently for the scientific and technical power to get away from the predicament of domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the Academia Sinica and the Peking Academy were founded, university system was established, the scientific and technical policy and the management system came into being that the patent system, scientific and technical reward system and academician's system were regarded as the contents. This kind of the Nationalist government scatter institution of science and technology that nation interferes less made scientific and technical activity change into a national behavior of the Nationalist government period from the organizational and collective activity. Afterwards because of war against Japan, in the process of Chinese morden scientific and technical institutionalization, the scattered scientific and technical institution model of the Nationalist government, the colonial scientific andtechnical institution model of the false and full continent country and the scientific and technical institution model of Shanganning's border appeared. But because of the dissimilarity of their traits, characters and purposes, they can't be competent for the scientific and technical development after the establishment of new China, Thus establishing a kind of new scientific and technical institution had become the historical inevitable choice. Through the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the adjustment of colleges, the formation of new scientific and technical education system, the formulation of the new scientific and technical policies and the establishment of the new scientific and technical management system, Chinese concentrative institution of science and technology can form. From now on, science and technology become a kind of national project. Since China's reform and opening up, scientific and technical system has been transforming, Chinese scientific and technical institution has gotten the further development.Through thorough research on the formation and development processes of Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization, we still gain three important revelations that Chinese contemporary science arid technology develops 1) The interaction of science and technology and society is a driving force of Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization.(2) The intervention and regulation of the nation is an institutional guarantee of Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization.(3) The cooperation and intercommunion of international science and technology is an interactive terrace of Chinese modern scientific and technical institutionalization.