| Palinuroid lobster is an important group of decapod crustacean with large body size and has long been recognized as a major kind of valuable fishery resources usually with large stock dominating the world's warm shallow seas. The present study deals with palinuridean fauna of the China seas。 Materials used in the study were collected by the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,from the China seas mainly in the last fifty years. The results of taxonomic and zoogeographic studies are presented. A total of 49 species of Palinuridea belonging to three families and twenty genera were described, of which one species are found for the first time from the China seas. Keys to families, genera and species are given in the text. Discussion on taxonomic problems and notes of zoogeographic characteristics are made. Identifications of the Chinese species have been made based on new results obtained recently in the revision of the world species of Polychelidae by Galil(2000)and Ahyong and Chan (2004), and of the Indo-Pacific genera and species of Scyllaridae, by Holthuis (2002), etc. These valuable new results are helpful for making correct identification of certain species。 Of the 47 species recorded here, 10 of the Family Polychelidae, the deep sea benthic blind lobsters, belonging to genera Pentacheles and Polycheles are found in bathyal seas of 200 to 4000m in depth. Of which 4 species are cosmopolitan, widely distributed in Indo-Pacific and Atlantic deep waters,and the other 4 are found throughout the Indo-Pacific;and 2 in the Pacific; 19 species of the Family Palinuridae and 20 species of the Family Scyllaridae are found from shallow sea excepting 2 species of the Genus Bathyarctus which are found from 250 to 500m depth of water. It should be noted that Parribacus antarcticus is widely distributed in Indo-Pacific coastal waters and the Atlantic Caribbean Sea. Most of the others are widely distributed in tropical and/or subtropical Indo-pacific, with the exception of Panulirus stimpsoni which is endemic to East and South China seas. Specimens studied in the present work are deposited in the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) in Qingdao. The name list of recorded species is given below, those marked with a "?" are recorded for the first time from the Chinese waters and species marked with an esterisk are not in the collection of IOCAS. List of Chinese species of Palinuridea: Eryonoidea Polychelidae Pentacheles Bate, 1878 1. Pentacheles laevis Bate, 1878 Polycheles Heller 1862 2.*Polycheles aculeatus Galil, 2000 3.*Polycheles amemiyai Yakoya, 1933 [=P. enthrix.-　Chan& Yu,1993, non P. enthrix(Bate, 1878)] 4. *Polycheles auriculatus Bate, 1878 5.*Polycheles coccifer Galil, 2000 6.Polycheles galil Ahyong & Brown, 2002 7.*Polycheles helleri Bate, 1878 8.Polycheles nanus (Smith, 1884) 9.Polycheles sculptus Smith, 1880 10.Polycheles typhlops Heller, 1862 [distinct to Atlantic materials] PalinuroideaPalinuridae Justitia Holthuis, 1946 11.*Jaustitia chani Poupin, 1994 12.*Justitia japonica (Kobo, 1955) 13.*Justitia longimanus (H. Milne Edward, 1837) Linuparus White, 1847 14.Linuparus sordidus Bruce, 1965 15.Linuparus trigonus (Von Siebold, 1824); Palinustus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 16.*Palinustus holthuisi Chan 1995 17.*Palinustus waguensis Kubo, 1963 Panulirus White, 1847 18.*Panulirus femoristriga (Von Martens 1827) 19.Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824) 21.Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) 22.Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) 23.Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791) 24.Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793) 25.Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis, 1963 26.Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804) Puerulus Ormann, 1897 27.Puerulus angulatus (Bate, 1888) Jasus Parker, 1883 Import Food 28.Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) 29.Jasus novaehollandiae Holthuis, 1963 Scyllaridae Arctidinae Scyllarides Gill, 1898 30. Scyllarides haanii (De Haan, 1841)31. Scyllarides squammosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Ibacinae Ibacus Leach, 1815 32. Ibacus brevipes B...
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