Studies On The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Chinese Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Microgastrinae is one of the largest and most important subfamilies in Braconidae.It's species component is very rich and It's distribution covers all over the world, all the known species are parasitods of Lepidopteran pests which are the major insect pests in agriculture and forestry. Numerous of them have more value in bio-Logical controll.Many entomologist and taxonomist have paid much attention to the studies on phylogeny and systematics of Microgastrinae since the establishment of Microgastrinae by Foerster in 1862. Much headway has been made on the phylogeny and systematics of Microgastrinae , but the dissensions from the entomologist and taxonomist on the species relationship among the genera and tribes of Microgastrinae and the appraisal on Mason's classification system are being. A further large number of studies needed to be done to resolve the issue of phylogeny of Microgastrinae. In my study, based on morphological (include male genitalia) and biological studies, 53 character transformation series of 23 species which stand for 23 genera of the Microgastrinae in China respectively (as ingroup) and 2 species of Miracinae and Cardichilinae (as outgroup) were selected. Through analysis of character polarity using the method of outgroup analysis, two and multiple character data matrixe were obtained. The data is analysed through PHYLIP(Phylogeny Inference Package, version 3.6) software based on the method of cladistics, the consensus cladograms was constructed at last. The results basically supported Mason's framework of two main clades(Apantelini +Microgastrini) and (Fornicini +Cotesiini + Microplitini ) in the Microgastrinae. The tribes arranged by Mason(1981), although imperfect, are basically credible and applicable.The genu Apanteles Foerster is an important member in the subfarmily of Microgastrinae. Entomologist and taxonomist paid much attention to the studies on the description of new species in past year. Less study on the phylogenetic of Apanteles Ferster was done. Many species of the genu are parasitods of small Lepidopteran pests. Most of them have more value in bio-Logical control. In my study, W species of Apanteles Foerster are described and the keys to 10 species of Apanteles Foerster are maded. Based on morphological and biological studies, 36character transformation series of 10 species of the genu Apanteles Foerster (as in group) and 2 species of the genu Dolichogenidea Viereck(as outgroup) were recognized. Through analysis of character polarity using the method of outgroup analysis, two and multiple character data matrixe were obtained. The data is analysed through PHYLIP(Phylogeny Inference Package, version 3.6) software based on the method of cladistics, a majority rule consensus tree and a strict consensus tree constructed at last. The results of the phylogenetic cladograms indicated that Apanteles adoxophyesi Minamikaws and Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck are monophyletic group, Apanteles adoxophyesi Minamikaws % Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck and the remain 8 species make up a monophyletic group or paraphyletic group.