| 1. Strawberry is one of the rapid developed fruit trees in past years. Because of its high nutrition, the horticulturists all over the world pay more and more attention on it. Among the fragaria species only Fragaria×ananassa Duch. , a natural hybrid between the two octoploid species (2n=56), F.virginiana Duch. , and F. Chiloenisis(L.) Duch., is commercially cultivated to any great extent. Today high yielding and highly adapted strawberry cultivars are essentially dirved from controlled mainly amnog other octoploid cultivars. In strawberry breeding programs, cultivar identification still relies on morphologcal characters. However, many cultivars cannot be readily distinguished by morphological indices ,particularly if they are closely related. Furthermore prospective molecular markers such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR overcome the shortage of morphological methods. Especially, RAPD marker has many advantages as following: higher speed of the analysis, high degree of polymorphisms, minimal quantities of DNA required,no-involvement of episode and lower cost of equipment and supplies. So it is widely used in identification and diverse analysis of many crops. In this study, 32 strawberry cultivars were analyzed using RAPD markers. In 500 primers, we selected 25 primers by which 250 reproducible polymorphic markers was produced and 3-22 bands were amplified with each primer. All individuals can be distinguished with these markers, which reveals the level of polymorphisms of the strawberrys is high. We have obtained 5 specific RAPD markers of 4 cultivars of strawberry: Toyonoka OPK7-3120,Sachinoka OPJ4-41000,ãã„ã“ã†OPN18-111600, OPK9-27750,OPV16-27400of Latestar. And specific RAPD marker OPV16-27400 was converted to SCAR marker. These specific RAPD and SCAR markers can be used for identification of these cultivars. These 250 markers were used to cluster the 32 strawberry individuals. The phenogram was constructed with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean(UPGMA). The results suggest classification of strawberry using RAPD data generally supports the traditional classification. Major of cultivars was classified into the same breeding parent sections. When Eudidean distance=5.5, the indiduals were classified into two culsters. At the data 5.2, European cultivars were separate from cultivars of Japan and USA. From the culsters we can see that Honeoye and M13, which have the same morphological and horticultural characters, were tightly clusted together. It can be conferred that Honeoye and M13 are the same cultivars but were named wrongly when introduced from USA. 2. Rosa is one of the most important flower and nursery crop throughout the world. And it was cultivated long before. In china, rose is one of the four most popular cut flower and is the city flower of many city such as Beijing. Rose is very valuable in economy and ornament. Their wide geographic distribution, polyploidy, messy naming and frequent interspecific hybridization, together with human involvement, make it diverse and difficult to classify. Rose cultivars are normally identified by visual descriptions of numerous morphological, horticultural and physiological traits , this methodology is both labor-intensive and timeconsuming and in most cases, descriptions and measurements vary greatly depending on the environment fluctuations and human judgement. Fifty-six Rosa genus (including twenty-seven Rosa rugosa, twenty-four Rosa chinensis and five Rosa mulitiflora) were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Total 520 Operon primers were screened. From which, 12 gave clear, stable, polymorphic amplification. RAPD data from these 12 primers were selected and used in cluster analysis. A total 120 from 130 RAPD bands amplified with the 12 selected primers show polymorphism. Phylogenetic relationships of the 56 individuals were developed based on phylogenetic tree conducted with UPGMA method. When the value ofsimilarity coefficient was 0.78, the 56 samples were classified into Rosa rugos...
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