| Ticks are well known vectors transmitting a great variety of infectious pathogens and causing serious damage to human and livestock. Salivary glands play important rules in tick life cycle and are the "windows" of pathogens entering their host. Thus, researches on the salivary glands have important significance on the theoretical and practical level.A series of experiments were conducted on the salivary gland of female Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, including salivary gland structure, protein concentration and components, Na K-ATPase activity, as well as their variation during different developmental stages, especially the effects of juvenile hormone analogue farnesol on the structure and secretion of salivary glands, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Bradford method, SDS-PAGE, enzyme microanalysis, topical application etc. The present research will provide foundation for deeply investigations on the important organs in the future. The main results were as follows:1. The salivary glands of female H. longicornis consisted of salivary ducts and lots of acini. The salivary ducts branched gradually and be divided into three parts, namely, central duct, major branch ducts and the lobular branching ducts. Based on the distribution of acini on the ducts, the acini were classified type I , type II and type III, which located on central duct, central duct and branch ducts, and lobular branching ducts separately. The surface of acini was not smooth and was found for the first time that lots of trachea extended gradually on it, which provide oxygen needs for various physiological events of this organ.2. Salivary glands changed obviously .with the developmental stages. In unfed adults, the acini were small (34.79um) and their surface had many folds. On the d2 after attachment, the gland and its acini increased sharply and reached its peak (97.Slum), which was about 2.8 times of unfed female. During this period, the surface of acini was relatively smooth. After engorgement, the acini withered gradually and autolysis occurred significantly on d4 after engorgement.3. The protein level varied during female developmental stages and was consistent with the trend of structure. The concentration of protein was low (9.51 ug/tick), and increased sharply on d2 after attachment (34.90 ug/tick), and reached its maximum (84.40 jag/tick) on the day of mating, which was about 8.9 times of unfed female. After engorgement, theprotein level declined evidently, which were 39.47ug/tick and 20.54|ag/tick respectively.4. In unfed females, 17 protein bands were detected. On d2 after attachment, the protein bands attained 23. After mating, the protein bands reached 26 and maintained the same until d4 after engorgement. These results meant that feeding and mating stimulated the biosynthesis of new protein. Among the protein profile, about 10 main protein bands were determined, the molecular weight of them were 192KUK 158KTK 136KD, 133KTJK 129KD, 97KD, 84KD, 74KD, 45KD and 32KD respectively. Along with the development, the main protein bands changed, which appeared adding, lacking, and quantity changing.5. The Na K-ATPase activity of salivary glands of unfed and engorged females, and its dynamic variation were detected for the first time using the great samples and enzyme microanalysis. Na+ K+-ATPase activity changed with the different developmental stages. In unfed female, Na K-ATPase activity was low (0.76umol Pi/mg Pr/hr). On d2 after feeding, its increased rapidly (1.06umol Pi/mg Pr/hr) and then reached its maximum (1.41umol Pi/mg Pr/hr) on the day of engorgement. After engorgement, Na K+-ATPase activity decreased sharply and was 0.62umol Pi/mg Pr/hr on d4 after engorgement. These results were reported for the first time.6. The protein level, protein components and the acini of female H. longicornis were affected by farnesol, and were different according to given developmental stages and the doses used. Treatment with farnesol on d2 after feeding, 10 ug dose enhanced the protein concentration, 10ug 5...
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