| Arthrospira has become the biggest market for its rich composition in protein, vitamin unsaturated fatty acid and polysaccharides. Phycobiliprotein is a light-harvesting protein and its content is 20% in dry weight of Arthrospira. In recent years, the activity of anti-oxidant, anti-tumorous and the characteristics of Fluorescence in phycobiliprotein have attracted increasing attention. The research on Arthrospira platensis, Arthrospira erdosensis and Arthrospira jenneri from alkaline lakes in the Ordos Plateau is still insufficient, and the study on the antioxidational activity of phycobiliprotein in Drosophila melanogaster has rarely been reported.In this paper, phycocyanin gene and allophycocyanin gene of Arthrospira platensis, Arthrospira erdosensis and Arthrospira jenneri which originated from alkaline lakes in the Ordos Plateau were cloned and sequenced. The results indicated that the length of the phycocyanin gene in three Arthrospira were all 1119 bp, which contains a-subunit gene (519 bp),β-subunit gene (489 bp), and spacer sequence (111 bp). The length of the allophycocyanin gene in both Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira erdosensis were 1056 bp, and in Arthrospira jenneri was 1054 bp. Both of a-subunit gene andβ-subunit gene contain 486 bp among the three species, but there was 84 bp spacer sequence in Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira erdosensis and 82 bp in Arthrospira jenneri, respectively.The sequences of phycobiliprotein genes in three species were compared with phycobiliprotein genes of Arthrospira maxima and Arthrospira platensis publilshed in GenBank. The homology of phycocyanin gene was from 99.6% to 100% and that of allophycocyanin gene was from 75.4% to 99.7% among the five samples. The GC content in phycobiliprotein genes were similar in different species, which was 48.8%～49% in phycocyanin gene and 48.3%～ 53.6% in allophycocyanin gene. Amino acid composition analysis showed that eight essential amino acids required for human body were discovered in phycobiliprotein genes, of which the content of leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine and valine was higher. The homology of the sequence encoding phycobiliprotein subunits in five samples were analyzed and ordered as follows:β-subunit of allophycocyanin>a-subunit of allophycocyanin> a-subunit of phycocyanin>β-subunit of phycocyanin. The cluster analysis of five samples indicated that the relationship was closer among the Arthrospira platensis, Arthrospira erdosensis and Arthrospira jenneri from alkaline lakes in the Ordos Plateau compared with Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira jenneri.The effects of phycobiliproteins on the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry in Drosophila melanogaster were studied. The results showed that the phycobiliproteins can significantly prolong the longevity of the female Drosophila melanogaster (p<0.01), improved sexual vitality and reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster. Phycobiliprotein could also reduce the sex ratio of Drosophila melanogaster's filial generation, as a result there were more male than female. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changed after Drosophila melanogaster were fed with phycobiliprotein. Phycobiliprotein significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster, in which total antioxidant capacity (p<0.01), peroxides'activity (p<0.01), catalyses activity (p<0.01), and decreased malondialdehyde (p<0.01) significantly. Phycobiliproteins enhanced superoxide dismutase activity in Drosophila melanogaster, but did not reach significant level. Phycobiliprotein could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster so it also affacted Drosophila melanogaster's life span, sexual vitality and reproductive capacity.
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