The Study On Genetic Diversity With Correlation Of Habitat Factors Of Hebei Saihanba Black Grouse Lyrurus Tetrix

Black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) belongs to Galliformes Tetraonidae, which are wild animals of national priority protection listed in CategoryⅡand one of Vulnerable species of China Red Data Book. In recent years, the number of the black grouse population is in significant decling trend. The Hebei SaiHanba black grouse population is as the study object of this research . We use the line surveying method to look into the black grouse of the number. With the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control markers and microsatellite DNA markers technology, we discuss the black grouse populations genetic diversity with the correlation of environmental factors three different areas of the SaiHanba.Through the survey, we found the black grouse population density was 2.20 peace/km~2 in the SiHanba area , the fall of 2009. Compared with the spring of 1990 and the fall of 1992 survey, the population density of black grouse descend by 76.9%. The black grouse population density is in significant downward trend. This survey indicates that black grouse population density is as followings: QianCengban forestry station>YinHe forestry station >BeiMandian forestry station>DiSanxiang forestry station>SanDaohekou forestry station and DaHuanqi forestry station.T19 samples were collected in the study. We collected 8 samples from the SanDaohekou forestry station , 6 from the DiSanxiang forestry station, and 5 from the YinHe forestry station. The full sequence of the black grouse of mtDNA control is 1017bp. The A,T,C,G average contents are 23.7%, 34.2%, 26.9% and 15.2% respectively . A+T and C+G contents are 57.9% and 42.1%. 8 variable sites have been detected in all. There are 5 parsim- informative sites, 3 singleton sites, including 1 transversion site, 7 transition site. The variable sites accounts for 0.77% of The full sequence. 4 the haplotype are identified from the 19 individuals. H1and H2 are both in three regions. However, H3 is in the DiSanxiang and H4 in YinHe. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity are 0.450 and 0.00167 for the SiHanba area respectively. The genetic distance is 0.0012～0.0026 among different population and in the population. By analysis of molecular variance , there is genetic variation among different population and in the populations, among population of genetic variation is 57.19%, genetic variation in the population is 23.79%, among populations have higher genetic variation than popultion within. The average Fst value is 0.2. The genetic differentiation is significant among the YinHe population, SanDaohekou population and DiSanxiang population.10 pairs of higher polymorphic of microsatellite primers were screened from 22 pairs of microsatellite primers, The observed number of allele was 3.800-4.300, as for 10 microsatellite sites in the SaiHanba three geographical population of the sites, the average is 4.067; the effective number of alleles was 3.029-3.389, the average was 3.194; the Shannon information index was 1.179-1.290, the average was 1.234;the observed heterozygosity was 0.383-0.5, the average was 0.448; the expected heterozygosity was 0.705-0.746, the average was 0.724; polymorphic information content was 0.532-0.800, the average was 0.708. The Fst was 0.025-0.179, the average was 0.112; The gene flow was 1.148-9.783 by estimating Fst, the average was 1.989. The SanDaohekou population (pop1)and the DiSanxiang population (pop3) have the close relationship, with the UPGMA method of black grouse proceed the cluster analysis, YinHe population (pop2) had distant relations with other populations. To research the Genetic diversity of the SaiHanba of black grouse population, we absorbed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control markers and microsatellite DNA markers, However, the results are almost the same.Through analysis the black grouse of genetic diversity with environmental factors relevant, we find that the forest crown density,the vegetation coverage and the plaques area with the nucleotide diversity have significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient respectively for r=0.844(p<0.05),r=0.923(p<0.01),r=0.922(p<0.01), Besides, the forest crown density ,the vegetation coverage and the plaques area are also the environmental factors that influence black grouse nucleotide diversity.