| The effective supply of ecological public goods in forest areas and counties is related to the security of the national ecological environment,the safety of human settlements and the safety of biodiversity.By the end of 2020,the vegetation cover of Shaanxi forest area and county reached 73.29%.Due to the strong ability of the special ecological environment of Shaanxi forest area to degrade domestic sewage,garbage and other pollution,so that the problem of rural life pollution in forest areas has not been effectively paid attention to for a long time,in the "top-down" public goods supply mode,the supply of infrastructure public goods linked to local economic development indicators is sufficient,and the supply of material-based ecological public goods closely related to farmers’ lives has the problem of lack of market allocation and government dislocation,which cannot meet the actual needs of farmers’ production and life.To effectively improve the dislocation,lack and market allocation of rural ecological public goods in forest areas,in addition to the reform of the public finance expenditure system after the tax and fee reform,what is more important is to conduct in-depth,accurate and long-term dynamic tracking and evaluation of the effectiveness of the existing ecological public goods,which is the basis for the scientific and rational formulation of ecological public policies in forest areas in the future.In the context of rural revitalization,to improve and enhance the public environment of Shaanxi villages,it is necessary to focus on key tasks such as rural toilet revolution,domestic garbage recycling and sewage treatment.Therefore,further scientific and rigorous evaluation of the supply effect of rural material-based ecological public goods in Shaanxi forest area is not only widely concerned by the rural grass-roots government and the masses in the forest area,but also has important policy significance and reference value for the construction of a regional ecological civilization demonstration county in Shaanxi.Based on shaanxi forest sample county farmers in two phase of the survey data,with the reform of rural sewage treatment,the toilet facilities and living garbage collection type three kinds of material of ecological public products,for example,according to the supply level of description-supply effect measure-satisfaction evaluation-environmental benefit assessment research train of thought,multiple perspectives to build the ecological effect of public goods evaluation theory analysis framework and empirical analysis,On this basis,some policy suggestions are put forward to effectively improve the supply effect of ecological public goods.The research ideas are as follows: Firstly,the technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of ecological public goods supply in 32 towns of four counties in Shaanxi forest region in 2019 and 2021 are calculated and analyzed by using data envelopment DEA method,and the main factors affecting the efficiency of ecological public goods supply and their relationship are analyzed.Secondly,the satisfaction level of farmers on the supply of ecological public goods in sample villages was analyzed,and the influencing factors of satisfaction were identified.Furthermore,the ordered Logit model was used to measure the impact of the supply of ecological public goods on farmers’ satisfaction.Secondly,evaluate the environmental benefits of the ecological public goods supply,rural ecological public products supply the theoretical mechanism of the environment benefit,explains the ecology public products supply and influence on the quality of the rural ecological environment effect,choose Tobit model for different types of ecological public products makes an empirical analysis on the influence degree of the environmental benefits;Finally,use AMOS and structural equation models to comprehensively evaluate the overall effect of the supply of ecological public goods in sample villages from different dimensions,and verify the difference of the supply effect of rural ecological public goods from different perspectives.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the supply level and output efficiency of material-type ecological public goods in the sample villages,among the 32 forest areas and counties and townships surveyed,a total of16 townships with effective supply efficiency DEA are 16,accounting for 50% of the total,the supply of rural ecological public goods in 12 townships is weak,accounting for 37.5%,and 4 townships in the selected sample rural ecological public goods supply are non-DEA effective,accounting for 12.5%.The input-output ratio of the supply of material ecological public goods in the rural areas of the DEA has reached the optimal state,and the level of supply of ecological public goods is technically efficient and effective in scale,and the scale remuneration remains unchanged.The Tobit model was used to test the influence of ecological public goods input level on output efficiency,and it was found that the area of residential areas,per capita annual income,and the degree of residential agglomeration had a positive impact on the output efficiency of ecological public goods,while the distance from the village to the county seat and the number of migrant households negatively affected the output efficiency of ecological public goods.(2)From the perspective of farmers’ satisfaction level and influencing factors,farmers in Shaanxi Forest District have a low degree of satisfaction with rural sewage treatment facilities,and higher satisfaction with rural toilet facility reform and domestic garbage disposal;The participation of farmers in the process of providing ecological public goods and the satisfaction of their actual needs are the main factors affecting satisfaction,and the per capita income of households,the distance from peasant households to the county seat,the situation and level of supply facilities,the matching degree of supply and demand,and the mobilization and publicity work of the government also have a significant impact on the satisfaction of farmers.(3)From the perspective of the environmental benefits of rural ecological public products,the domestic sewage and garbage treatment facilities at the village level surveyed have a significant improvement effect on the local ecological environment,and the environmental improvement benefits are positive;In the rural toilet reform facilities,in addition to the negative environmental benefits of the construction of public toilets in the village,the rest are positive environmental benefits,among them,the rural toilet reform project,the treatment of feces by professionals and the government’s financial subsidies for the toilet reform project can play a significant role in alleviating and inhibiting environmental pollution,and the environmental improvement effect is remarkable.(4)Based on the above evaluation results,the comprehensive performance evaluation of the supply effect of material-based ecological public goods in the sample villages was further conducted,and it was found that in the process of providing material-based ecological public goods mainly funded by the government in the rural areas of Shaanxi Forest District,the supply performance of the three perspectives of the government,the farmers’ perspective and the environmental perspective was different.The performance evaluation path coefficient from the farmer’s perspective is 0.768,which is the largest among the three observation perspectives,but there is still room for improvement from the ideal supply efficiency;the performance evaluation path coefficient from the government perspective is 0.682;and the performance evaluation path coefficient from the environmental perspective is 0.681.The comprehensive evaluation effect of the farmer dimension is the highest,followed by the government dimension and finally the environmental benefit dimension.Based on the above conclusions,the main countermeasures and suggestions are: From the perspective of the government,the government should adhere to the leading role in the supply of material ecological public goods,improve and optimize the public finance expenditure system,and guide the combination of government input and market mechanism;From the perspective of farmers,efforts should be made to ensure the full expression and deep participation of farmers’ wishes,and encourage grass-roots organizations such as farmers and village collectives to participate in the provision of material ecological public goods throughout the process;From the perspective of the environment,we should focus on building an incentive and compensation mechanism for the supply of material ecological public goods,continuously strengthen the guarantee and support role of relevant policies and regulations,and continuously improve the capacity building of rural environmental protection policy implementation in forest areas. |
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