| Scenic byway can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense.The broad sense refers to "road with transportation and landscape appreciation functions".In a narrow sense,it refers to "high-quality road with aesthetic scenery,nature,culture,history,recreation value,archaeology worthy of preservation and restoration along the road or within the horizon",which is based on the traffic function and aims at tourism and recreation.The construction of scenic byway originated and developed in Europe and America.With the advent of integration era such as "tourism +","transportation +","ecology +",and the implementation of national strategies such as "beautiful China","ecological civilization","transportation power","all-for-one tourism","rural revitalization" and "new infrastructure,new urbanization initiatives and major projects",and the rise of "self driving tour","mass tourism" and "vacation tourism",scenic byway has gradually been highly valued at national level,actively responded by local governments and popularized by market capital,as a new tourism product,tourism functional area and linear tourism destination,which can coordinate regional development and optimize spatial layout.But,there are inevitably some problems in rapid development,which need to be further regulated and guided by policies.In particular,in recent years,there have been some practical problems in practical development of scenic byway,such as different planning,construction and evaluation standards,uneven development levels of provinces,difficult management and operation in later stage,insufficient financial support and so on.There is still a lack of research on scenic byway policy at theoretical level.Most of the existing relevant research involves scenic byway policy that puts forward deficiencies,improvements and suggestions when studying planning and design,evaluation and identification,roadside improvement,management and operation,road protection,tourist experience,resource development,investment and financing,legislation,etc.A few scholars have made preliminary explorations on implementation effect,efficiency and optimization of scenic byway policies.The existing researches are mostly qualitative,and the application of quantitative methods is still relatively lacking.The practical development forces theoretical level to carry out special and systematic research on scenic byway policy,therefore,this paper is very necessary,which has very important theoretical value and practical significance.Based on the needs of practical development and the lack of theoretical research,this paper studies "the development of American scenic byway policy,the process and characteristics,influencing factors,mechanism and optimization path of China’s scenic byway policy evolution",with the help of literature research method,comparative research method,inductive logic method,expert questionnaire survey method and systematic analysis method.(1)The development of American scenic byway policy.This chapter combs the development stage of American scenic byway policy,summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of American scenic byway policy,and considers the enlightenment and reference to China.The research shows that: the development of scenic byway policy has gone through four major development periods in United States;policy development is jointly affected by internal and external factors;the act,guide and report are "Trinity" about policy types;there are special leading agencies for scenic byway policy,and the landmark policy has played a turning role.The development of American scenic byway policy still needs to be improved.However,it still has certain enlightenment and reference for the development of scenic byway policy in China.(2)The evolution process and characteristics of China’s scenic byway policy.Using quantitative means,this chapter analyzes the stage and overall evolution characteristics of China’s scenic byway policy from policy text forms,policy subjects,policy themes and policy tools,and summarizes the achievements of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.The analysis shows that: in China,policy text forms are gradually enriched,policy subjects are gradually diversified,policy themes are gradually involved in all aspects of "construction,management and operation",and policy tools have changed from government control to government control.However,there are still deficiencies,which still needs to be further improved and optimized.(3)The influencing factors of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.According to the relevant literature research,relevant theoretical of policy process,the function and value of scenic byway itself and previous research,the influencing factors are preliminarily obtained through group discussion and induction.On this basis,through expert questionnaire survey,feedback and correction,the influencing factors of China’s scenic byway policy evolution are finally determined,which includes 3 primary influencing factors,12 secondary influencing factors and 40 tertiary influencing factors.And based on first-class influencing factors,the detailed impact analysis of each refinement factor is carried out.(4)The influencing mechanism of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.First of all,based on the analysis about the formation of three power subsystems and construction of research framework,this paper studies the causal relationship,influencing path and variable relationship of the factors in endogenous pull subsystem,exogenous push subsystem and endogenous push subsystem,with the help of causal feedback diagram,system flow diagram and causal tree,which obtains the internal influencing mechanism of three subsystems to China’s scenic byway policy evolution.Secondly,the interaction between three subsystems is analyzed,which research shows that: endogenous pull subsystem and endogenous push subsystem promote each other,exogenous push subsystem and endogenous push subsystem pull and push each other,exogenous push subsystem supports endogenous pull subsystem.Finally,based on the excavation of the respective influencing mechanism of three subsystems and analysis of the interaction between three subsystems,the overall influencing mechanism of China’s scenic byway policy evolution is obtained.(5)The optimal path for China’s scenic byway policy evolution.Based on perspective of evolution,combined with previous research,this chapter puts forward the optimization path of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.First of all,the relevant aspects of policy itself in endogenous pull subsystem should further enrich policy text forms,establish the leading department of scenic byway policy,build China’s scenic byway policy system,optimize the structure of policy tools,enhance the strength of policy operation,reduce the cost of policy operation,further deepen the participation of multiple subjects,and continuously promote the modernization of governance ability.Secondly,in terms of the external background environment in exogenous push subsystem,we should continue to maintain the steady development of social culture,ensure the steady improvement of economy and technology,continue to pay attention to development and protection of ecological environment,incorporate the scenic byway legislation into comprehensive transportation development,continue to promote the high-quality development of self driving tourism,and pay attention to the dual impact of major events.Thirdly,in terms of scenic byway self-development in endogenous push subsystem,we should actively learn from foreign beneficial development experience,continue to pay attention to scenic byway at national level,promote the standardized development of scenic byway in local,improve community participation and corridor management,speed up the expansion and improvement of market and industrial chain,and pay attention to the needs of scenic byway tourists and corridor residents,which improve their satisfaction with the use of scenic byway.The innovation points of this paper are mainly reflected in following:Firstly,it determines and constructs the influencing factor system of scenic byway policy evolution in China.Through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,the influencing factors system of China’s scenic byway policy evolution has been determined and constructed for the first time.The factors affecting China’s scenic byway policy evolution have been scientifically defined,which include 3 first-class influencing factors,12 second-class influencing factors and 40 third-class influencing factors.Based on first-class influencing factors,an in-depth analysis have been carried out on influencing degree and how each detailed factor affects.Secondly,it systematically analyzes the influencing mechanism of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.For the first time,system dynamics analysis methods are introduced into the research on influencing mechanism of China’s scenic byway policy evolution.First of all,it explores the influencing mechanism of endogenous pull subsystem,exogenous push subsystem and endogenous push subsystem to China’s scenic byway policy evolution by using causal relationship diagram,system flow diagram and cause tree.Furthermore,on this basis,the interaction among three subsystems is analyzed,and then,it obtains the overall influencing mechanism of three power subsystems to China’s scenic byway policy evolution.In the research,there are not only the innovation of research content and research methods,but also the innovation of research logic from subsystem research to overall research.Thirdly,the F-M-P(Factors-Mechanism-Path)policy research paradigm is created.Through in-depth research on influencing factors,mechanism and optimization path of scenic byway policy evolution in China,the F-M-P(Factors-Mechanism-Path)policy research paradigm is created,which enables policy research to infiltrate from the surface research of policy itself into its essence,internal and in-depth root research.While fills and enriches the lack of scenic byway policy theory research,it provides a research idea and paradigm reference for scholars in other fields to conduct relevant policy research. |
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