Study On The Effect And Mechanism Of Rural Poverty Alleviation Policy Aimed At Regions And Individuals

Eliminating poverty,improving people’s livelihood and realizing common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism.Under the macro background of the significant slowdown in the global poverty reduction process,the Chinese government has still achieved the goal of lifting 98.99 million rural poor people out of poverty and 832 poor counties out of poverty on schedule by giving full play to its political and institutional advantages,and completely eliminated the problems of absolute poverty and regional overall poverty.In the practice of rural poverty alleviation and development for more than 40 years,China has embarked on a road from regional poverty alleviation and development to targeted poverty alleviation,and has formed a set of rural poverty alleviation and development policy system aimed at both regions and individuals.However,the comprehensive solution of absolute poverty and regional overall poverty does not mean the end of poverty alleviation.In the new era,China’s rural poverty shows the characteristics of multidimensional,relativity,complexity and concealment.The fundamental spear of unequal urban and rural development and insufficient rural development has not been completely changed.At the same time,China’s rural income inequality has not been improved with the elimination of absolute poverty.The urban-rural income gap and Gini coefficient are high in cyclical fluctuations for a long time,which will not only indirectly reduce the efficiency of poverty reduction by affecting the long-term economic growth,but also further reduce the accessibility of farmers’ public services and employment opportunities,And then form the poverty governance risk of causing poverty and returning to poverty on a large scale.Therefore,in the new era,China’s rural poverty alleviation and development will face the crisis of "low efficiency poverty reduction trap" caused by the deterioration of income distribution pattern.How to ensure the coordinated governance of poverty and inequality will become an important practical problem of rural development in the new era.Therefore,from the regional and individual perspective,exploring the policy effect and influence mechanism of China’s rural poverty alleviation and development in the governance of poverty and inequality has important theoretical and practical significance for guiding rural development and realizing the great goal of common prosperity in the new era.This paper deconstructs the practice of rural poverty alleviation and development in China from the regional targeted and individual targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies,and forms the theoretical framework of this study based on the multidimensional theoretical systems such as multidimensional poverty theory,income distribution theory,economic growth theory and development geography theory.Further,using the panel data of China’s counties from 2001 to 2018 and the micro survey data of 1140 households in six concentrated and contiguous poverty areas in China in 2018,this paper analyzes the current situation and problems of China’s rural poverty and income inequality governance at the regional and individual levels.On this basis,this paper comprehensively uses a variety of mathematical models and measurement methods such as spatial error panel model,did model,breakpoint regression model and propensity score matching model to explore the regional and individual policy effects and impact mechanism of China’s rural poverty alleviation and development policy on poverty and inequality,and points out the optimization path of rural poverty alleviation in the new period combined with the empirical research conclusions.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)China’s rural poverty alleviation and development practice still faces the "low efficiency poverty reduction trap" The crisis,which is concentrated in contiguous poor areas,is more serious.With the passage of time,the practice of poverty alleviation and development in rural China has evolved from global targeting to regional and individual targeting,which has greatly promoted the coordinated governance of poverty and income inequality.However,it still faces the regional development dilemma between the slow growth of county economy and the rapid expansion of government expenditure.At the same time,it is also facing the individual development dilemma of poor family endowment and serious lack of endogenous power.Therefore,the overlapping levels of poverty and inequality between regions and individuals not only caused the gradual expansion of the absolute gap of poverty between counties and the high income gap between urban and rural areas for a long time,but also caused farmers’ limited perception of income equity.(2)From the regional level,regional poverty and inequality are based on the "Hu Huanyong line" As the boundary,it presents the basic spatial characteristics of West>middle > East,and presents two spatial correlation patterns of high agglomeration and low agglomeration.At the same time,the hot spots of the two are always concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,while the cold spots are concentrated in the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and the five northwest provinces.Through the regional targeted poverty alleviation policy,by promoting the county economic growth and the modernization of local governance capacity,it has effectively promoted the coordinated governance of county poverty and income inequality,and this effect continues to increase with the extension of the year of policy implementation.However,unfavorable county characteristics such as mountains,hills and ethnic groups will reduce the implementation efficiency of regional targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies.At the same time,the coordinated governance of poverty and inequality also has path dependence.The deeper the poverty level of the county unit,the greater the difficulty of poverty reduction,but the higher the improvement effect of inequality,and vice versa.(3)From the individual level,the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers has a wide range and deep degree.Among them,the incidence of poverty in the dimensions of living standard and endogenous power is the highest,33.24% and 29.78%respectively.On this basis,the results of breakpoint regression model show that the individual targeted poverty alleviation policy has effectively improved the centralized poverty alleviation by actively providing technical training,water and toilet improvement,dangerous house reconstruction and other livelihood projects The Multidimensional Poverty Status of farmers in poor areas has no significant impact on the dimensions of farmers’ health and endogenous motivation.At the same time,the individual targeted poverty alleviation policy not only effectively improves the disadvantageous position of poor farmers in income distribution,but also further improves their perception of income equity through transfer payment and opportunity supply.However,in the process of poverty alleviation resource input,the poor have formed an irrational preference for transfer payment.(4)The implementation efficiency of individual targeted poverty alleviation policy is affected by regional heterogeneity.First,the overall Multidimensional Poverty Situation of farmers in Liupan Mountain Area and Yanshan Taihang mountain area is more serious.From the perspective of dimensions,the largest contribution rate of education dimension is the farmers in zhongshizong and Zhenning County in Yunnan Guizhou Guangxi rocky desertification area,while the farmers in zhongfuyuan,Hezhang and Xuanwei counties in Wumeng Mountain area contribute to the health dimension The highest contribution rate.Second,the improvement effect of transfer payment on income inequality is only significant in the samples of farmers in rocky desertification areas of Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou and Luliang Mountain area,while the improvement effect of external opportunity supply on income inequality is significant in the samples of farmers in six concentrated and contiguous poor areas,and the effect is the best in Wumeng Mountain Area and Yanshan Taihang mountain area.Therefore,the "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation model represented by opportunity supply will become an important way for poor areas to consolidate the quality of poverty alleviation and realize rural revitalization in the post targeted poverty alleviation era.According to the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the multi-level rural development policy system,driving the inclusive growth of county economy with industrial development,accelerating the modernization of local government governance capacity,activating farmers’ endogenous power and weakening opportunity inequality,in order to provide some reference for realizing common prosperity.