| Under the rising trend of digital revolution,the rapid upgrading of digital technology is driving the reform of international trade in the era of digital economy.Digital technologies such as big data,5G,the Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,cloud computing,quantum computing,etc.are profoundly changing our trade objects,trade costs,trade methods and trade content,and the global value chain will be reshaped accordingly.At present,the international epidemic is continuing to spread,the Sino-US trade friction is intensifying,the trend of anti-globalization is rampant,and the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century.China’s foreign trade environment is facing unprecedented challenges.In this context,accelerating the digital transformation of foreign trade enterprises,promoting the deep integration of digital technology and trade development,and continuously strengthening the new engine of foreign trade development have become important strategic measures for China’s export trade to move towards a new level of high-quality development.Based on the background that the digital transformation of enterprises has become a new driving force for export trade growth in the era of digital economy.This paper comprehensively refers to the heterogeneous enterprise trade theory,the product quality heterogeneity model of the enterprise,and the export value-added rate determination model,and incorporates the digital transformation of enterprises into the theoretical framework,enriching and extending the research connotation of “new and new trade theory” in the digital economy era.On this basis,using the big data of the annual report text of listed companies and machine learning methods,the measurement indicators of the digital transformation of enterprises are improved.Then,based on highly detailed micro-data of enterprises and products,we empirically test the export trade effects of digital transformation of enterprises from four dimensions: export trade performance,export trade structure,export product quality and global value chain trade.There are seven chapters in total.Chapter 1 is the introduction,which describes the research background,research significance,literature review,research framework,research methods and innovations of this paper.Chapter 2 expands the calculation method of the enterprise digital transformation index,and depicts the typical facts of the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises.In chapter 3,we first introduce the important feature of enterprise digital transformation into the heterogeneous enterprise model,and put forward theoretical assumptions through mathematical derivation and logical deduction.Second,we empirically test the impact of enterprise digital transformation on export trade performance,and further examine the export binary marginal effect of enterprise digital transformation.Finally,combined with theoretical assumptions,we verified the impact mechanism of enterprise digital transformation on export performance,which are production efficiency channel,innovation capability channel and supply chain efficiency channel.In Chapter 4,we conduct research based on the perspective of export trade structure optimization,and first empirically test the impact of enterprise digital transformation on export trade patterns and export diversification choices.Second,we examine the financing constraint channels and export technology complexity channels that affect the upgrading of export trade models due to the digital transformation of enterprises.Finally,we examine the production efficiency channels and industrial agglomeration channels that affect the diversification of exports by the digital transformation of enterprises.The 5th chapter conducts research based on the perspective of high-quality export development.First,we use the enterprise product quality heterogeneity model and existing related literature to sort out the internal logic and propose a mechanism hypothesis.Second,we empirically test the impact of enterprise digital transformation on the quality of export products,and examine the heterogeneity of the impact.Thirdly,combined with theoretical assumptions,we test the production efficiency channels,innovation ability channels and human capital optimization channels that affect the quality of export products through the digital transformation of enterprises.Finally,we examine the resource reallocation effect of industry digital transformation on the quality of export products.In Chapter 6,we study from the perspective of value-added trade.First,by introducing the digital transformation of enterprises into the export value-added decision model,we try to describe the theoretical mechanism that digital transformation affects the participation of the global value chain of enterprises,and then propose mechanism hypotheses.On this basis,we conduct empirical research.First,we empirically test the impact of enterprise digital transformation on the participation of the global value chain,and secondly examine the impact of existing heterogeneity.Finally,combined with theoretical hypotheses,it tests three channels through which enterprise digital transformation affects the embeddedness of enterprise global value chain: production efficiency channel,supply chain efficiency channel and management efficiency channel.The chapter 7 is the research conclusion of the full text,and corresponding policy implications are obtained accordingly.Combining theoretical analysis and empirical research,this paper draws the following main conclusions:(1)The digital transformation of enterprises can effectively promote the growth of their export trade,and has a significant positive impact on the expansion margin and the intensive margin.The dynamic effect research based on the difference in difference and event research method shows that the digital transformation of enterprises has a long-term sustainable impact on exports.The analysis of the channel mechanism shows that digital transformation promotes the export of enterprises through three channels:boosting total factor productivity,enhancing innovation capability and easing the pressure on supply chain management.Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has different effects on enterprises’ exports due to differences in regional“digital divide”,export destination countries,industry technology level,product nature and trade methods.(2)Digital transformation is not only conducive to promoting the transformation of export trade mode of enterprises from processing trade to general trade,but also effectively extends the scope of the export industry of enterprises and provides diversified choices for enterprises to export.The analysis of the channel mechanism shows that: on the one hand,the digital transformation of enterprises promotes the upgrading of trade models through two channels: easing their own financing constraints and increasing the technical complexity of exports;on the other hand,the digital transformation of enterprises is effective through two channels: improving total factor productivity and promoting industrial agglomeration.It extends the scope of the company’s export industry and broadens its diversified selection path.(3)The digital transformation of enterprises can effectively promote the upgrading of export product quality.The dynamic effect research shows that the promotion of export product quality has a long-term sustainable impact.The analysis of channel mechanism shows that the digital transformation of enterprises promotes the upgrading of export product quality through three channels: improving total factor productivity,enhancing innovation capability and optimizing human capital structure.Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has different effects on the quality of export products due to differences in corporate ownership,regional “digital divide”,the nature of export products,and industry types.The re-examination at the industry level found that digital transformation can promote the quality upgrade of export products at the overall level of the industry through the effect of resource reallocation.(4)The digital transformation of Chinese enterprises can significantly promote the continuous deepening of enterprise global value chain embedding.The analysis of the channel mechanism shows that the digital transformation of enterprises has improved the level of participation in the global value chain of Chinese enterprises mainly through three channels: the boost of the total factor productivity of the enterprise,the improvement of the efficiency of the enterprise supply chain and the upgrade of the efficiency of the enterprise management.Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has different effects on the global value chain embedding of enterprises due to different enterprise ownership attributes,enterprise scale,export trade mode,industry factor intensity,and different regions of the enterprise. |
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