A Study On The Public Role Of Rural Teachers In The Republic Of China

People live in groups.The basic form of human existence is publicity.Marx believes that human beings can be developed only in the community.In the community,the degree of human freedom and the development of human independent activities are closely related to the public domain and the development of human public character.In the context of rural revitalization,rural teachers are the mother machine of human training,and the development of its public role has an important impact on the quality of personnel training.There is a historical relationship between the public role of modern rural teachers and the public role of rural teachers in the period of the Republic of China.This study combs the historical appearance of the public role of rural teachers in order to provide reference for the construction of the public role of rural teachers with Chinese characteristics.This study takes rural teachers as the research object and examines the activities of rural teachers in the period of the Republic of China from the perspective of public role.It is mainly divided into five periods: before the Republic of China,in the early period of the Republic of China(1912-1919),after the May Fourth Movement(1919-1937),after the Period of Comprehensive A nti-Japanese War(1937-1945),and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War(1945-1949).This paper analyzes the development background,representation,causes and influence of the public role of rural teachers in different periods,and summarizes features,experience and limitations of the public role of rural teachers in the period of the Republic of China,so as to provide inspiration for the development of the public role of rural teachers in the new era.The development of history has continuity.There is a historical relationship between the public role of rural teachers in the Republic of China and that of rural teachers in ancient China.Rural teachers are of the times,but the characteristics of the public role of rural teachers have the characteristics of social history,and they are influenced by the historical accumulation of social culture,which may be continuous and continuous,and may also lead to role mutation due to the change of social mechanism.Although the "village" and "rural teachers" referred to in modern society are somewhat separated from the "village" and "rural teachers" in primitive society in name and substance.However,the public role of rural teachers during the Republic of China still had a special connection with the public role of rural teachers in ancient Chinese society.Here,we call the Chinese clan society as the ancient society before the establishment of the Republic of China,and the public role of rural teachers in this period is called "the public role of traditional rural teachers".In the long process of rural social development in China,rich public thoughts of rural teachers have been born.In a word,the public role of rural teachers in ancient China has the characteristics of "caring about politics,culture and society",which provides cultural accumulation and historical premise for the development of rural teachers’ public role in the period of the Republic of China.After the establishment of the Republic of China,the public role of rural teachers changed gradually.In the rural society,the rural teachers continue the public role of the promoters of rural education.On the basis of realizing the public role of educators,rural teachers also assume the public role of the maintenance of rural traditional etiquette and customs order and the enlightenment of modern new national order.During this period,the causes of the gradual change of the public role of rural teachers are diverse.Politically,the group of rural teachers is separated from the political system,but it is not complete.Some rural teachers still play the traditional public privilege.Ideologically,new social ideas and culture have triggered changes in rural society,which in turn promotes the gradual change of the public role of rural teachers.Economically,the economic values of rural society have changed,and the economic differences of rural teachers promote the internal differentiation of rural teachers.During this period,the gradual change of the public role of rural teachers maintained the stable order of the rural grass-roots level to a certain extent,and promoted the spread of new education and culture in the rural society.After the May Fourth Movement,the public role of rural teachers has been further expanded.Rural teachers began to be discussed separately.It has been given various "omnipotent" roles by theorists.Rural teachers also began to train independently and become more specialized.The public roles of rural teachers are diversified.Some rural teachers inherited the characteristics of the previous period and contributed to the rise and fall of the country under the new historical conditions.Educators such as Liang Shuming endow rural teachers with the role of cultural reformers,allowing rural teachers to improve rural culture and revitalize the countryside.The rural teachers led by Communist Party of China are revolutionary.They proceed from the fundamental interests of the people,awaken the revolutionary consciousness of the people,and revitalize China through social revolution to change the rural society.During this period,the expansion of the public role of rural teachers was influenced by the ideological trend of nationalism,rural education and the revolutionary national salvation movement,which promoted rural education to save itself and rebuilt the cultural values of rural society.After the Period of Comprehensive A nti-Japanese War,the public role of rural teachers was further extended.The public role of rural teachers shows the characteristics of national salvation,which is mainly manifested in three dimensions:First,"salvation in the field of education",in which rural teachers assume the public role of rural educational relievers.The second is "salvation in rural social areas",in which rural teachers assume the public role of rural social organizers.The third is "national salvation as a whole".Rural teachers play the public role of propagandists and participants in the cause of the Anti-Japanese War.During this period,with the promotion of Communist Party of China,the anti-Japanese national United front was formed,the consciousness of the Chinese nation awakened and spread widely,and the government also tried its best to improve the political and economic status of teachers,thus promoting the extension of the public role of rural teachers.In the process of playing a public role,rural teachers awakened the morale of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance against Japan,resisted the spiritual poison of enslavement education,preserved strength for the cause of national construction,and laid the foundation for the unity of Chinese society after the war.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the public role of rural teachers changed.In the short peace period after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,rural teachers assumed the public role of rural rebuilders.Later,when Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war,Communist Party of China was forced to wage a war of self-defense.The people’s Liberation Army led by Communist Party of China triumphed all the way.With the continuous expansion of the liberated areas,China’s education is in urgent need of reconstruction.Rural teachers lead the people to support the war of liberation,lead the agrarian revolution and rebuild the cause of rural education.During this period,the change of the public role of rural teachers was mainly influenced by politics.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the principal contradiction of Chinese society changed.It turned out to be the contradiction between the Chinese people and Japanese imperialism.It turned into a contradiction between the Chinese people and the reactionaries of the United States and Chiang Kai-shek.Communist Party of China actively promoted the change of the public role of rural teachers and laid the foundation for the reconstruction of rural education and the victory of the War of Liberation.The study of history can provide inspiration for the development of the public role of rural teachers in the new era.The development of the public role of rural teachers during the period of the Republic of China shows the following characteristics: First of all,the practice of rural teachers’ public role space has regional differences.Second,the content representation of the public role of rural teachers has the characteristics of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures.Third,the realization of the public role of rural teachers is restricted by their social status.Throughout the development of the public role of rural teachers during the period of the Republic of China,we have accumulated some historical experience: First,the public role of rural teachers in the period of the Republic of China always took education as the basic point,which promoted the ideological enlightenment of rural children and people.Second,during the period of the Republic of China,rural teachers were regarded as the starting point of national development,which promoted the modernization of rural society.Third,the changes of the public role of rural teachers in different stages in the period of the Republic of China conformed to the needs of social development.At the same time,there are many historical limitations in the development of rural teachers’ public role.First,the realization of the public role of rural teachers is difficult to match their economic base.Second,the realization of the public role of rural teachers and the continuous conflict of interests of rural related groups.Third,the public ability of rural teachers is difficult to adapt to the actual public needs of rural areas.The development of the public role of rural teachers in the Republic of China is the product of a specific historical period.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,rural education has made great progress under the leadership of the Party.In the new era,the rapid development of society puts forward new requirements for the public role of rural teachers.The most important public role of rural teachers in the new era is "educator".From then on,rural teachers should give full play to the public responsibility of "local cultural improvement".At the same time,we should improve the guarantee mechanism of rural teachers’ public role,promote rural teachers to give better play to their public role,and realize the public mission of the new era.