Research On The Dilemma,influencing Factors And Resolution Of Teacher Flow In Ordinary Universities

Since the reform and opening up,Chinese social macro system has undergone profound changes,and the influence of market mechanism on China’s economic and social life and resource allocation is increasing day by day.In the past,the relatively closed and stable personnel management system under the planned economy system had more and more obvious defects,which seriously restricted the optimal allocation of human resources and caused the waste of human resources.The emergence of modern human resource management pattern provides a system foundation for the flow of talent,the flow of human resources improves the efficiency of human resources allocation,and also improves the overall human resources allocation in our country.In such a macro social background,the marketability mechanism of the flow of ordinary university(hereinafter referred to as "university")teachers is gradually established.At the same time,with the continuous expansion of market-oriented flow channels and the gradual establishment and improvement of the academic labor market,university teachers have more opportunities to independently choose their careers and positions.After entering the 21 st century,with the expansion of higher education,the construction of "211 Project" and " 985 Project",the undergraduate teaching evaluation and the construction of "double first-class" and other work started,the universities’ desire for talents is rising,the competition for talents is becoming increasingly fierce,and the flow of university teachers shows a trend of constant growth.However,due to the lack of effective management mechanism aimed at university teachers’ flow in the field of higher education,university teachers’ flow appears some unreasonable flow phenomenon,which disrupts the normal order of academic labor market and affects the healthy development of our higher education.So,what are the basic characteristics of teachers’ flow in Chinese universities? What kind of predicament is the flow of teachers in university into? What are the influencing factors of the flow of teachers in universities? How to effectively resolve the dilemma of teachers’ flow in universities in China? These questions constitute the main body of this study.Through the combing and analysis of the development history and evolution logic of China’s university teachers’ flow policy since the 21 st century,it helps to understand Chinese university teachers’ flow policy and helps to analyze the policy factors that affect the flow of university teachers in China and propose the policy countermeasures for Chinese university teacher flow improvement countermeasures.It has played a good role in paving the way.On the whole,since the 21 st century,the development of Chinese university teacher mobility policy can be divided into two stages: the exploration stage from 1999 to 2011 and the connotative development stage from 2012 to present.In this process,the research process of Chinese university teacher flow policy follows the following evolutionary logic: the government,universities and teachers are the main body of the evolution of university teachers’ flow policy;optimizing the structure of university teachers is the driving force for the evolution of university teachers’ flow policy;path dependence is the path of the evolution of university teachers’ flow policy.The sorting out of Chinese university teachers’ flow policy will help to lay a good foundation for the later analysis of the policy factors of the factors that affect Chinese university teachers’ flow and the policy countermeasures to put forward the improvement measures for Chinese university teachers’ flow.In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the basic characteristics and practical difficulties of the flow of teachers in universities in China,this study divides universities in China into seven regions by stratified sampling method,and 2-4universities and 3-6 departments are selected from each region respectively.Then the resume information of university teachers was collected through the official websites of universities to establish the "Floating Sample Database of University Teachers" for this study.Based on this database,the author uses SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software to analyze the basic characteristics and difficulties of the flow of university teachers in China.The analysis shows that the flow of teachers in universities in China has the following characteristics: 1.The flow distance of teachers in universities is "close";2.The flow direction of university teachers is "one-way";3.The flow of highlevel talents is "frequent".At the same time,the flow of teachers in universities in China has the following dilemmas: 1.Insufficient mobility of teachers in universities;2.The "Matthew Effect" of increasing imbalances in regional development;3.The formalism of "identity first";4.The proportion of "potential mobile" teachers is rising.The factors affecting the flow of teachers in universities in China are diverse and complex.Among all kinds of factors affecting the flow of teachers in universities,some are easy to cause the difficulties of the flow of teachers in universities or potential factors.Understanding the influencing factors of university teacher flow has positive significance for alleviating the predicament of university teacher flow in China.In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the flow of teachers in Chinese universities,this study selected three dimensions to explore from the micro-level,meso-level and macro-level.Through the research,it is found that the factors influencing the flow of university teachers at the micro level include economic interest drive,self-value realization and family responsibility requirements;At the middle level,the factors influencing the flow of university teachers are both from the outflow of universities,such as poor organizational management,and from the inflow of universities,such as organizational reputation.In other words,university teachers tend to flow to organizations with higher reputation.At the macro level,there are some factors that influence the flow of university teachers from regions,such as the differences in regional development;in addition,there are also influencing factors from the academic labor market and policy level.Finally,based on the results of the above investigation and analysis,this paper puts forward the principles and countermeasures to resolve the dilemma of teachers’ flow in universities in China.The solution of the dilemma of teachers’ flow in universities should follow "academic orientation,free choice;government guidance,market participation " principle.Under the guidance of this principle,the flow of university teachers in China needs to be improved from the following aspects: policy adjustment,academic labor market mechanism adjustment,organizational system adjustment and individual self-discipline of teachers,so as to continuously promote the rational and orderly flow of university teachers in China.