The Influence Of Parental Monitoring On Adolescent Self-Control And Educational Stratedies

Self-control is the significant psychological function for the healthy growth of adolescents,which has a significant part in the development of adolescents’ personality,the cultivation of good social adaptation,happy and satisfied life.The development of self-control is influenced by family,school,individual and other factors.Parental monitoring,as an important variable affecting individual development in the family environment,is closely related to self-control.This study aims to explore the current situation and characteristics of parental monitoring and adolescent self-control from the perspective of family environment,reveal the psychological mechanism and neural basis of parental monitoring affecting adolescent self-control.In addition,we investigate the interation between parental monitoring and peer factors on the behavioral results of self-control,and put forward educational stratedies to promote the development of adolescent self-control.This study is divided into four major research contents,including nine studies.In Study 1,combining with the open questionnaire survey,junior and senior high school students were selected to be measured.This study summarized the structure and content of parental monitoring.The final questionnaire of parental monitoring can measure the adolescent parental monitoring effectively.In Study 2,the levels of parental monitoring and self-control were measured by questionnaire,and the differences between parental monitoring and adolescent selfcontrol under different demographic variables were investigated.The relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent self-control was discussed.The results showed that the overall parental monitoring of adolescents was above the average level,and there were significant differences in parental monitoring in different grades and sources of students,among which the parental monitoring of senior high school students was lower than the that of junior middle school students.In addition,the parental monitoring of rural students was lower than that of urban students.It had no prominent difference in gender or singleton.There were prominent differences in self-control in different grades,places of origin and the only-child.Among them,the self-control of senior high school students was lower than that of junior middle school students.What’s more,the self-control of rural students were higher than that of urban students.The self-control of only child was higher than that of non-only child.In addition,parental monitoring was significantly positively correlated with adolescents’ self-control.In Study 3,we investigated the relationship between parental monitoring,selfefficacy and adolescents’ self-control using questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring,self-efficacy and self-control were positively correlated,and self-efficacy played a mediating role in the relationship between parental monitoring and self-control.Parental monitoring not only predicted self-control directly,but also through self-efficacy.In Study 4,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,selfesteem and adolescent self control using questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring,self-esteem and self-control were positively correlated,and selfesteem played a mediating role in the relationship between parental monitoring and self-control.Parental monitoring not only predicted self-control directly,but also through self-esteem.In Study 5,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,selfefficacy,proactive personality and self-control using longitudinal design and questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring significantly positively predicted adolescent self-control,and self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between parental monitoring and self-control.Parental monitoring improved self-control by promoting self-efficacy.Proactive personality significantly moderated the relationship between parental monitoring and self-efficacy.Under high proactive personality,parental monitoring had a stronger effect on self-efficacy.In Study 6,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,selfesteem,promotion of orientation,and self-control among adolescents using longitudinal design and questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring positively predicted adolescent self-control,and self-esteem played a mediating role in the relationship between parental monitoring and selfcontrol.Parental monitoring promotes the development of self-control by improving adolescents’ self-esteem.Promotion orientation significantly moderated the relationship between parental monitoring and self-control and the connection between self-esteem and self-control.Parental monitoring and self-esteem had stronger effects on self-control under high promotion orientation.In Study 7,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,peer relationship,self-control,and adolescents’ prosocial behavior using questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring positively predicted prosocial behavior,and self-control played a mediating role in the relationship between parental monitoring and prosocial behavior.Peer relationship significantly moderated the mediation path from parental monitoring to self-control to prosocial behavior.Under high peer relationship,parental monitoring has a stronger effect on self-control and self-control has a stronger effect on prosocial behavior.In Study 8,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,deviant peer affiliation,self-control,aggressive behavior using questionnaire survey.The results showed that parental monitoring significantly negatively predicted aggression.Self-control played a mediating role in the relationship between parental monitoring and aggression.Deviant peer affiliation significantly moderated the mediation path from parental monitoring to self-control to aggressive behavior.Under low deviant peer affiliation,parental monitoring has a stronger effect on self-control and selfcontrol has a stronger effect on aggressive behavior.In Study 9,we examined the relationship between parental monitoring,selfcontrol and brain activity using low-frequency amplitude(ALFF)and functional connection strength(FC)as indicators of brain neural activity using behavioral experiments and functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI).The results showed that the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,medial superior frontal gyrus,medial cingulate and paracingulate gyri were closely related to parental monitoring and selfcontrol.The results of functional connectivity analysis suggested that the functional connectivity between dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and medial superior frontal gyrus might be the common neural basis of parental monitoring and self-control.The results of this study have important educational implications for improving the development of adolescent self-control.