Research On The Differentiation Of Higher Education Institution From Multi-dimensional Perspective

Differentiation is a practical process in which a university evolves and reforms under the dual action of social development laws and higher education laws,starting from the medieval European community of teachers and students,and gradually forms a higher education system with complex structure,different shapes and rich functions.The differentiation of university organizational forms runs through the whole process of higher education development.Today’s diverse university organizational forms and rich higher education practices are the results of differentiation.Taking differentiation as the main line,observing and exploring the process of the differentiation of university organizations,and analyzing the underlying mechanisms and laws behind it,will help to form an overall vision of the development of universities and higher education,and accurately focus on the main lines and main lines of the development of universities and higher education.Contradictions,so as to form a more real and in-depth understanding of regularity.The existence of the university precedes the theoretical understanding of the university.The evolution of a university from an individual organization with a relatively simple type and function into a complex system is a process of gradual improvement through differentiation,including the transformation of existing universities,but more importantly,the innovation of university organizations.The former is the accumulation of "quantity" of differentiation,and the latter is the breakthrough of "quality" of differentiation.The organizational attributes and development laws of universities are differentiated and changed,and the theoretical understanding of universities must follow the pace of university differentiation.This paper is a theoretical research on the phenomenon and law of university organizational differentiation,mainly using interdisciplinary theoretical research,historical analysis and comparative research.The full text consists of five chapters,which analyze the phenomenon and theory of university differentiation from the multidimensional perspectives of organizational attributes,historical processes,local practices,dynamics,values and characteristics.From the perspective of organization,university differentiation is a process of gradually injecting modern elements into ancient European medieval universities as the original type.When the elements of modernization accumulate to a certain extent,a new organizational model or type of university will emerge as the times require.In this process,the "loosely coupled" organizational attribute enables the university to have a strong local adjustment ability,which improves the university’s sensitivity to changes in the external environment,and enables the university to carry out multi-level and multi-dimensional organizational changes at the same time.Avoid costly changes in the environment.Based on the perspective of historical phenomena,the process of university differentiation can be divided into four development periods:ancient,ancient,transitional and modern:(1)Before the emergence of medieval universities in Europe,universities were in the ancient development period.During this period,universities were regional and isolated from each other,and there was no unified mode of differentiation or integration.(2)From the establishment of universities in the Middle Ages in Europe to the rise of the religious reform around the 16th century,universities were in the period of ancient development.The university established a basic organizational model,which became the original form of the world university organization in the future.(3)From the religious reform in the 16th century to the industrial revolution in the 18th century,the university was in a transition period from ancient times to modern times.University development is faced with the choice and transition between religion and humanities,feudalism and capital,aristocracy and commoners,and the intervention of external forces has played a more prominent role in the establishment and differentiation of university organizations.(4)Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century,universities have entered a period of modern development.Due to the revolutionary progress of productive forces,there have been systematic changes in the mode of economic production and the operation mode of social organizations.The speed of university differentiation continues to increase,and the motivations and models are increasingly complex and diverse.Based on the perspective of local practice,the birth and development of Chinese universities is part of the modernization process since the 18th century,and it is a differentiation based on the worldwide spread of the university model.to the process of active search.At present,the differentiation of universities is no longer limited to the level of individual organizations,but is further manifested as a university model with national characteristics.The differentiation of universities under the background of modernization is no longer mainly an education issue,but is closely linked with grand propositions such as national self-improvement and national rejuvenation.To build a university model with national characteristics,it is necessary to meet the conditions of social economy reaching a considerable level,the number of universities reaching a certain scale,and the quality of higher education fully adapting to local needs.Actively adapting to the external environment and solving the main contradictions and problems of the times are the fundamental driving forces for promoting the differentiation of universities.Due to the differences in historical culture,development stage and social needs,the specific phenomenon of university differentiation is adapted to local conditions,but as a whole,it is based on the common characteristics of the development of universities and higher education.First,university differentiation is open.In the process of adapting to the external environment,university organizations as an open system usually become more differentiated in shape and more refined in structure.Secondly,the differentiation of universities is systematic,and the new universities and the original universities will have qualitative changes in talent training mode,curriculum setting,social services,management system and so on.Thirdly,the differentiation of universities presents stages with the expansion of higher education scale.Finally,the differentiation of universities is modern,and it is mainly the organizational changes that universities have made to adapt to the progress of productivity,social function structure and interest structure since the industrial revolution started the modernization process.