Research On Marx’s Labor Concept

Labor,as “the rotating sun of society”,has always been a central topic followed by Marx.Marxist view of labor is the core of his three major theoretical systems including Marxist philosophy,Marxist political economy and Marxist communism.The formation and development of Marxist view of labor synchronized with philosophical revolution,criticism of political economy and the birth of communist theory,so the Marxist view of labor not only bears trans-disciplinary attribute and trans-era significance,but also serves as an important theoretical pillar for Marxist thought.Meanwhile,the study of Marxist view of labor involves the correct re-appreciation of Marxist political and economic theories such as Marxist theory of labor value,wage labor and labor division,the defense of historical materialism,and the requirement of the era that enables scientific socialism unleash new vitality in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.It is important to clarify the connotation of Marxist view of labor and its role in Marxist thought,which will provide important theoretical significance for reshaping the internal force of Marxist thought,and contribute to the coordinated response to the new problems and challenges of the era.However,during the development of Marxism,Marxist view of labor is faced with “two historical controversies” and “one controversy of the times”.The first historical controversy is about “young Marx or mature Marx”,which erupts in the division between alienated labor and wage labor.In fact,the Marxist thought itself is questioned at the philosophical level.The controversy involves when historical materialism was established,whether the view of labor can serve as the sign of the establishment of historical materialism,and whether they develop synchronously.The second controversy is about “humanistic Marx or scientific Marx”.In other words,it is considered that there are divisions in the Marxist view of labor,which influences the comprehensive understanding of Marxist thought and relates to its theoretical force.The controversy of the times is mainly about “whether the Marxist view of labor is outdated”.In particular,new situations have been shaped in society due to scientific and technological revolution since the middle of last century,so there are questions about whether the Marxist view of labor still has the value of explaining and solving labor problems.As a matter of fact,such controversy is caused by the misunderstanding of Marxist view of labor.Considering current economic and cultural practice,it is easy to find that the fast-changing forms of labor fail to meet the good vision of liberating people through science and technology,and give harbor to exploitation under the manipulation of capital logic.Therefore,it is urgent to conduct more comprehensive interpretation of Marxist view of labor.To solve the above-mentioned problems,this research on the Marxist view of labor will trace its origin,seek a deep understanding of its content,enrich its theoretical interpretation,clarify its important position,and prove its contemporary value.In practice,the research will trace the origin of the Marxist view of labor from four perspectives,with an aim to make breakthrough,change the traditional interpretation of the “three origins” of Marxist thought,demonstrate the broad and rich origins of the Marxist view of labor and even all Marxist thought from the perspective of cultural gene,and provide more sufficient arguments for those philosophical questions.Based on the classic original works of Marx,the research will fully explore texts,and analyze the Marxist view of labor according to its development track including the bud,formation,evolution and maturity.The research also studies related manuscripts,in order to reflect the consistency and comprehensiveness of Marxist view of labor from the perspective of texts,and provide materials to refute separated and one-sided opinions.This research will deeply analyze and explain the Marxist view of labor from three forms.Starting with the clarification of Marxist concept of labor,the research has a clear understanding of the Marxist view of labor from four dimensions including ontology,axiology,standpoint theory,and liberation theory,and summarizes labor into natural labor,social labor,alienated labor and free labor,so as to correctly interpret the Marxist view of labor.This research will focus on the interpretation of the theoretical significance and important position of Marxist view of labor,analyze its major contribution to philosophical revolution,criticism of economics and the formation of communist theory,and define communism as its ultimate pursuit.This research will analyze the contemporary theoretical value and practical value of the Marxist view of labor.Based on the above-mentioned exploration of ideological history,track of texts,interpretation of concepts and exploration of theories,this research will refute the“two historical controversies” and “one controversy of the times”,and respond to the questions about the separation,one-sidedness and obsolescence of the Marxist view of labor.While exploring the nurturing role of the Marxist view of labor in the view of labor among Chinese communists,the research will also summarize the practical value of the Marxist view of labor from the level of individual,society and nation.Therefore,this research studies the Marxist view of labor from a holistic perspective.Although focusing on philosophy,the research does not deliberately divide disciplines,but combines the text study that is commonly used in academy with the study of history of thought.On one hand,the research starts from the texts of Marx’s classic works and manuscripts,extracts thoughts from texts and develops theoretical framework.On the other hand,the research starts from the logic of the history of thought,explores the relationship between “origin” and “flow” of theory,and seeks a clear understanding of the content and vein of thought.By doing so,the research will reveal the connotation of Marxist view of labor directly through texts in a full and concrete manner,and highlight its value from a discriminative perspective.In addition,the research will better clarify the development of Marxist view of labor through logic,and witness its formation from a dynamic perspective.Following the principle of unifying history with logic,the research will achieve multiple theoretical purposes.The interpretation of Marxist view of labor responds to the theoretical controversies about it,plays a key role in establishing a three-dimensional system of Marxist thought and theory,provides precious enlightenment for people to liberate their future,and enables China to further innovate and practice the theory of socialism.Labor is a method to create value and wealth,a way for human beings to create themselves,society and history,and a path explored by Marx for human beings to the future of communism.The only road to happiness is to seek people’s free and all-round development in labor guided by the Marxist view of labor.