Research On The Impact Of Living Arrangment On The Livelihood Development Of Rural Vulnerable Groups From The Perspective Of Rural Revitalization

At the 19 th CPC National Congress,a major decision was made to implement the rural revitalization strategy.Rural revitalization,as the general starting point to deal with the "three rural issues",is also an important measure to consolidate internal strength to help the domestic cycle,which has far-reaching significance for China to deal with current domestic and foreign risks.Giving full play to the main role of farmers is the key to the smooth progress of the rural revitalization strategy.Solving the livelihood problems faced by disadvantaged peasant groups and realizing the welfare and development of individuals are the essential purpose of the rural revitalization strategy and a feasible way to maximize the enthusiasm of farmers.Affected by the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas,the elderly,women and children are the main human resources remaining in rural areas,and they are also the stage characteristics of the "three rural" problems that will still appear in the current and future period.These groups are often disadvantaged groups who stay in the countryside without transfer advantages or opportunities.They are also the main potential resources that can be tapped and utilized by the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy.Solving the main livelihood problems of these groups is also a concrete manifestation of rural revitalization.Supporting issues,non-agricultural employment issues and education issues are the key livelihood development issues facing the elderly,women and children in rural areas respectively,and these three issues are closely related to each other in the field of family.Family plays an important role in ensuring welfare in traditional Chinese society.However,since the reform and opening up,under the profound changes of social economy and fertility policy,the family structure or living pattern has undergone great changes,and the living conditions and relationship patterns among family members have also changed.It is of great significance to deeply explore the impact of rural residence pattern change on individual welfare development for understanding current rural social development and responding to major realistic problems.In view of this,this paper analyzes these issues using data from the China Household Finance Survey and the China Grassroots Governance Survey 2013-2019 to explore the impact of changes in rural residential patterns on elderly poverty,women’s employment and children’s education.According to the research conclusions,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward in order to organically organize the elderly,women and children who remain in rural areas,solve the livelihood problems they face,and help rural revitalization in the overall development of individuals.The article is divided into six chapters.The basic contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter 1,Preface.This chapter starts from the background of rural revitalization strategy and analyzes the main livelihood problems faced by farmers and the masses resources that can be relied on in the current process of rural revitalization.At the same time,it points out that the important fact of the change of rural social living pattern in recent years may have a profound impact on the livelihood development of the disadvantaged groups,and puts forward the research question of this paper and expounds the significance of this research.Then,it summarizes the research contents and ideas of this paper.Finally,the paper introduces the research methods,innovations and shortcomings.To give the paper a global grasp from the whole.Chapter 2,Theoretical basis and literature review.This chapter firstly sorts out the theoretical logic between the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy and the comprehensive development of the rural disadvantaged groups,and then discusses the related theories of rural elderly poverty,rural women’s off-farm employment,and rural children’s human capital formation,as well as the related existing literature.The research status,especially the research on the influence of the living arrengement on the three,has been sorted out.With regard to the problem of old-age care for the elderly in rural areas,this chapter analyzes the occurrence of poverty in the elderly from the perspective of life cycle and life course theory,and then sorts out the discussions on the problem of old-age care such as intergenerational relationship theory,welfare economics theory,and welfare pluralism theory.From the perspective of the living arrengement between the elderly and their children,it has laid a theoretical foundation to explore its impact on the poverty of the elderly.Regarding the non-agricultural employment of rural women,based on the theory of rural labor transfer in development economics,the theory of family division of labor in family economics,and the theory of human capital and labor market discrimination in labor economics,the analysis in this chapter is the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force.It provides theoretical support for the overall trend of non-agricultural employment and gender differences in nonagricultural employment,and provides a research basis for exploring the impact on rural women’s non-agricultural employment from the perspective of housing patterns.Regarding the growth of rural children,this paper mainly from the perspective of human capital formation theory in developmental psychology,sorts out the influence of family environment,early intervention,and parental intervention on the formation of individual human capital.It provides theoretical support for the following research on rural children’s living experience with their parents on their learning performance.Chapter 3,The impact of living arrengement on poverty vulnerability of rural elderly.This chapter starts from the livelihood issue of elderly poverty in rural areas and examines the impact and mechanism of the elderly living with their children on their poverty vulnerability.In the discussion of the mechanism of the impact of living arrengement on the poverty of the elderly,the author focuses on the impact and role of non-agricultural employment among young and middle-aged people.The results show that: first,the poverty vulnerability of the rural elderly is significantly affected by the change of living arrengement,and the probability of the elderly living alone falling into poverty is much higher than that of the elderly living together.Secondly,heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of living alone on poverty was more obvious in elderly women than in elderly men.Daughters play a greater role than sons in alleviating poverty among elderly parents;Having direct blood relatives in the same village significantly alleviates the poverty vulnerability of elderly living alone.Finally,the mechanism analysis shows that the change of living arrengement has significantly changed the income structure of the rural elderly,and the proportion of non-agricultural income of the elderly living alone has significantly decreased,which leads to the decrease of consumption propensity and the increase of the consumption-based poverty vulnerability index.In addition to the redistribution of income between parents and children caused by the living arrengement,the change of income structure of the elderly also brings about the change of overall income between parents and children.Living with the elderly can promote the off-farm employment of labor,thus creating income increment for the whole family and optimizing the income structure.Chapter 4,The impact of living arrengement on rural women’s non-agricultural employment.This chapter discusses the impact of whether women live with the elderly and whether there are children in their family on rural women’s nonagricultural employment from the perspective of public service and financial development,and further discusses the effective measures to alleviate the obstacles to rural women’s non-agricultural employment.Research results show that,first of all,living arrangement is one of the important factors affecting rural women employment,among them,each with the old man and have children in the home of farmer employment has produced significant promoting and inhibiting effect,but with the growth of the age,the old man and the children of the positive and negative influences of farmer employment also has the change,the promoting effect of elderly no longer significant,The negative effects were reduced for older children.Secondly,living with the elderly and having children in the home also have an impact on the non-agricultural employment structure of rural women.The elderly greatly promote the employment of rural women but reduce their entrepreneurial self-employment,while children greatly inhibit the employment of rural women but promote their self-employment to a certain extent.Compared with nonagricultural employment at home or in county,the elderly and children have greater positive and negative impacts on rural women’s going out to work or going out to work.In addition,for rural women with different levels of education and household income,the impact of residence pattern on their non-agricultural employment is heterogeneous.Finally,for the negative effect of children at home on nonagricultural employment of rural women,living with the elderly,public services such as kindergartens and primary schools,and village financial development can alleviate the negative effect to a certain extent.Chapter 5,The impact of living arrengement on rural children’s learning performance.This chapter from the education development of the rural children face the problem of the people’s livelihood and analyzed under the current rural labor migration,children living separately from parents to their learning performance,and further discusses the old man to take care of every generation,boarding school,in reducing parent-child separation for children learning effectiveness of negative impact.The results show that: first of all,there is a significant difference in the impact of rural children living apart from their parents on their learning performance,living apart from their mothers has a significant negative impact on their learning performance,but living apart from their fathers has no significant impact on their learning.Secondly,the longer rural children live apart from their mothers,the greater the negative impact on their academic performance;In preschool,primary school and junior high school,the earlier the experience of living apart from mother and child,the greater the negative impact on children’s learning.Moreover,the impact of mother and child living experience on rural children’s learning is also heterogeneous for children of different genders and different learning stages.In addition,for children living apart from their mothers,intergenerational care effectively alleviated about 70% of the negative effects on learning performance of rural children,but boarding school for children did not significantly alleviate the negative effects.Chapter 6,Conclusion and enlightenment.This chapter organizes and summarizes the previous empirical content and results,and puts forward relevant policy recommendations and future research directions.The paper is based on household finance,a new branch of finance,and focuses on how families achieve their goals in the decision-making process.Starting from the background of rural revitalization strategy,this paper discusses the impact of living arrangement change on the livelihood development of rural vulnerable groups.In terms of topic selection,research perspective,analysis methods,and data use,there are certain innovations.Specifically,it can be summarized in the following aspects: First,the topic selection of this paper is relatively novel.This article is to study the rural people’s livelihood under the goal system of rural revitalization.Under the new era background and strategic goals,this is a new problem from a new perspective.At the same time,when discussing the livelihood of the disadvantaged groups in rural areas,this paper does not analyze the problems of the elderly,women and children independently,but fully considers the relationship between the three and the relationship between them.combined for analysis.Second,extends the research perspective.From the perspective of living arrangement,this paper fully pays attention to the important fact of the change of living arrangement in rural areas in recent years,discusses its impact on the development of rural vulnerable groups,and pays attention to the impact of internal family forces on the development of individual welfare.The conclusion is drawn.It has certain significance both at the policy level and at the theoretical level.Third,the data is representative and the sample size is large.The 2013-2019 data of the China Household Finance Survey and China Grassroots Governance Survey to be used in this topic are representative of the national,provincial and sub-provincial cities,and the data is detailed and high-quality.The analysis of this data shows that the conclusions are more general.significance.Fourth,the solution to the endogeneity problem is more reasonable and the conclusion is more robust.Ignoring endogeneity among variables may lead to inconsistent estimation results.This study comprehensively uses various microeconometric methods,which can well reduce the endogeneity problem and improve the robustness and consistency of the estimation results.