| Policy experiment is a common practice and important experience in China’s reform process.It is an important research direction to combine it with western policy innovation and diffusion theory.However,the existing researches on policy experiments still have deficiencies in at least the following two aspects: First,the "China story" based on the operation process of China’s unique policies is not fully and fully told;Second,when using the theory of innovation and diffusion to explain China’s problems,the localization debugging based on China’s political practice is still not enough.This paper is based on the previous research for further mining and exploration.The study of China needs to be rooted in Chinese policy practice.As the unique experience of Chinese government reform,the cyclic experiment mode is especially different from the western conventional operation process of "legalizing policy first and implementing policy later".Therefore,the first research question of this paper is just a deep description of the "China story",namely: What is unique about the policy innovation and diffusion of the Chinese government based on policy experiment?On the basis of the first question,this paper then launches the debugging of the localization application of innovation diffusion theory under the political practice in China.Based on the analysis of the existing literature,this paper finds that there are still some deficiencies and gaps in the research on the localization and debugging of innovation diffusion theory in the following two aspects.On the one hand,the domestic scholars research on policy of innovation diffusion process characteristics,relatively insufficient universal existence simply copy the western theory conclusion to the China problem,therefore,in this paper,the second research question is: Take time domain features of innovation diffusion process for example,what is the dynamic change of diffusion of innovation curve under China’s political practice?On the other hand,following the research paradigm of western theories,most of the existing domestic researches only focus on the behavior research of innovation and diffusion and "turn a blind eye" to the change of policy content in the process of innovation diffusion.Therefore,based on the practice of Chinese government’s policy experiment,the third research question proposed in this paper is: How does the policy content change in the process of Chinese government’s innovation diffusion?As the axis and important component of China’s inter-governmental relations,the inter-governmental relations between central and local governments are an important analytical perspective for the localization debugging of Chinese government innovation diffusion theory.There are abundant research theories on the central-local relationship,which can be divided into two analysis paths:system/structure and behavior/process.On this basis,this paper proposes a two-dimensional interactive analysis perspective of central and local government based on "government-policy".Among them,"government" mainly describes the actors of innovation and diffusion of the Chinese government.According to the organizational structure of the Chinese government,it can be divided into two kinds of structural actors: strips and blocks."Policy" describes the development stage of innovation and diffusion of the Chinese government,which is mainly analyzed from the two stages of pilot and promotion of policy experiment.The two-dimensional analysis perspective of "government-policy" is more abundant than that of "government" or "policy".The "government" dimension deconstructs the internal operation process of the government from the micro organizational structure,and the "policy" dimension deconstructs the interaction behavior of the government in the process of the policy operation through the two-stage analysis of the policy experiment.This paper mainly takes the policy experiment of China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(i.e Shanghai Free Trade Zone)as the research object to analyze.The establishment of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a major measure and attempt by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to conform to the new trend of global economic and trade development,and promote China’s reform.The mission of Shanghai Free Trade Zone is to serve the reform and development of the whole country through continuous policy experiments,summary of experience and promotion.Therefore,the policy experiment of Shanghai Free Trade Zone provides us with a window to observe the policy innovation and diffusion of The Chinese government.Based on the richness and data availability of the case study,this paper mainly selects the first 14 customs innovation system experiments in The Shanghai Free Trade Zone and the "license separation" test reform of the market supervision department as the research objects for key analysis.The research content of this paper mainly includes three parts: literature analysis,theoretical analysis and case analysis.The second chapter is the literature analysis,which mainly introduces the development of western policy innovation and diffusion theory as well as the related research on domestic policy innovation and diffusion and policy experiment,thus explaining the necessity of the localization research on Chinese government’s innovation diffusion.The third chapter is the theoretical analysis part of this paper,which mainly introduces the two-dimensional perspective of "government-policy" and three theoretical assumptions of Chinese government innovation diffusion from this perspective.From chapter four to chapter six are case studies.Taking the above two cases of Shanghai Free Trade Zone as research objects,this paper first analyzes the uniqueness of innovation diffusion in China’s political practice,and then analyzes the process characteristics and policy content changes of innovation diffusion in China’s political practice.The following is a detailed introduction to the case study.From the perspective of two-dimensional analysis of "government-policy",Chapter 4 respectively selects 14 policy experiments of customs innovation system and "license separation" system as case representatives under the strip structure and block structure.By analyzing the interaction modes of the two links of policy experiment and promotion,this paper obtains two progressive reform modes of Chinese government policy experiment--progressive promotion mode and progressive pilot mode.First of all,the adoption process of innovation policies by local governments is essentially a process of gradual adoption,whether it is the process from local pilot to expanded pilot(or comprehensive pilot)in the gradual promotion mode or the process from local pilot to expanded pilot(or comprehensive pilot).So we get the first unique feature of Chinese government innovation and diffusion based on policy experimentation which is the gradualism of innovation adoption.Secondly,policy experiment originates from the uncertainty of innovation policy,and the process of policy experiment is the process of constantly adjusting the content of innovation policy.And the change mode of policy content under these two strategy modes is also different.Therefore,we get the second unique feature of Chinese government innovation and diffusion based on policy experiment,that is,the different change patterns of innovation policy content in the process of diffusion.In view of the above analysis,this paper then proposes a theoretical analysis framework and two debugging directions for the localized application of policy innovation and diffusion theory in China--a two-dimensional analysis framework based on "government-policy" and focuses on the dynamic characteristics and policy content changes in the process of innovation and diffusion.Among them,the two-dimensional analysis framework of "government-policy" provides the possibility to study the innovation and diffusion process of Chinese government in the mode of relative centralization and decentralization respectively,and the two debugging directions are to further investigate the process characteristics and policy content changes of Chinese government innovation and diffusion in the mode of centralization and decentralization.Chapter 5 analyzes the characteristics of innovation diffusion process in the centralized management system and the decentralized management system in the policy experiment and pilot stage respectively under the two-dimensional analysis framework of "government-policy".However,in view of the extensive application of the "S-type" diffusion curve in the time-domain characteristic analysis of innovation diffusion and the important meaning behind it,this paper will take the time-domain characteristic of innovation diffusion process as an example to carry out the analysis,that is,from the perspective of "government-policy",it will investigate the innovation diffusion curve under the above centralized and decentralized mode respectively.In order to highlight the interaction between innovation and diffusion,this paper distinguishes the two forms of diffusion curve:central deployment and local actual diffusion.The diffusion process under the progressive extension mode of the state structure is also the trial period of the external validity of the policy.The diffusion curve under the central deployment and extension shows an "R" shaped curve,while in view of the limited autonomy reserved by the central government for local governments,the actual diffusion curve of local governments presents a steep "S" shaped curve.The diffusion process under the progressive pilot model of block structure is the synchronous trial period of the internal and external validity of the policy.The diffusion curve under the central deployment pilot model presents a step-shaped curve,while the diffusion curve in the actual local exploration process presents a slow S-shaped curve.On the one hand,different from the typical "S" curve form under the gradualist decision-making mode,the innovation diffusion of The Chinese government presents the characteristics of explosive diffusion.The explosive diffusion and gradual adoption of innovation are the important characteristics in the process of innovation diffusion of Chinese government,and also the important characteristics of gradual reform of Chinese government.On the other hand,although the actual diffusion curves of different government structures and different experimental stages are in the form of similar "S" shaped curves,the central and local interaction patterns behind them are decidedly different.Therefore,it is necessary to open a research paradigm for the change of policy content in the process of innovation and diffusion of Chinese government in addition to the study of behavioral characteristics.Chapter 6 focuses on the change of policy content in the process of innovation diffusion in China’s political practice based on the previous analysis.As a centralized management system,the central department has a high degree of control over the subordinate departments.Its innovation diffusion mainly takes place in the promotion stage of policy experiment,but in the process of diffusion,limited autonomy is granted to local governments for the effective promotion of innovation policies.Local governments,with limited autonomy,can adopt innovative policies according to the time and local conditions.But this local adaptation exists only as a local feature and is not ultimately incorporated into national policy.In this paper,the change mode of policy content is called the adaptive implementation under authorization.As a management system of decentralization,the central government directly devolves part of its power to local governments,so that local governments can participate in the policy innovation and experiment stage.Therefore,the innovation diffusion under the "block" structure occurs more in the pilot stage of its policy experiment.In the process of the experiment,each local government carries out independent exploration and pilot according to the local actual situation,presenting a scene of "eight immortals crossing the sea and each showing his magic power".And different from the local adaptability adjustment under the gradual extension mode of "strips" structure,the local pilot experience under the gradual extension mode of "block" structure was finally absorbed into the national policy.Therefore,this paper calls the change of policy content in the diffusion process of "block" structural innovation as participatory innovation under authorization.In addition,based on the Chinese government innovation policy test and diffusion process as an observation window,showed from microscopic perspective to our understanding of policy formulation and implementation process of the central government to reach a consensus,under the authorization of condition of type of execution and participatory innovation is central to the government to reach a consensus in the process of two specific path.This paper mainly studies the localization of innovation diffusion in China’s political practice based on policy experiment from the perspective of the relationship between central and local governments.This article draws many interesting and important conclusions from the in-depth description of the "China Story".The characteristics of explosive diffusion and gradual adoption of Chinese government innovation,as well as the pattern of gradual change of policy content under non-gradual policy innovation,are all strategic choices made by the Chinese government in the face of the complex governing environment,it embodies the wisdom of the Chinese government’s gradual reform.The theoretical significance of this paper is mainly embodied in three aspects: the research on the inter-governmental relations between central and local governments,the research on the gradual reform of the Chinese government based on policy experiments,and the localized debugging of the innovation diffusion theory.However,this paper still has some shortcomings and needs to be improved.As a case study,the main shortcoming of this paper lies in its validity.Although this paper describes and analyzes the case in detail,it still lacks the necessary quantitative analysis as an effective support in some aspects from the perspective of the internal validity of the research.At the same time,from the perspective of external validity,this paper is mainly based on the analysis of two policy experiments of Shanghai Free Trade Zone,and the extrapolation of the research conclusions of Chinese government’s innovation and diffusion still needs to be supported by more cases or large-N data.Finally,in terms of research content,this paper still has a great space for further in-depth analysis.The research in this paper is a preliminary exploration on the basis of previous studies,which is shallow in many aspects and needs further exploration.For example,in terms of research content,it can be extended to the multi-sector innovation diffusion analysis of "strip-block combination".This paper mainly analyzes the innovation diffusion under the two structures of "strips" and "blocks" of the Chinese government,that is to say,we mainly analyze the functional departments at the higher and lower levels or the governments at the higher and lower levels respectively,and weaken the connection between the functional departments at the higher level and the government at the lower level.Further research can be carried out here. |
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