Research On The Types Of Village Spatial Changes And Their Governance

With the continuous advancement of my country’s urbanization,the spatial form of villages has undergone drastic changes.The change of village space not only involves the change of the external physical space of the village,but also means the change of farmers’ internal production,lifestyle and social relations.The spatial changes of the villages mainly include the forms of "farmers going upstairs" and "concentrated residence" brought about by "removing villages and living together" and"replacement of villages".Different degrees of spatial changes have resulted in different spatial forms.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the implementation of the "Rural Revitalization Strategy",of which "effective governance" is one of the general requirements for rural revitalization.The modernization of the grassroots governance system and governance capabilities is an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.In the context of traditional rural governance,rural governance often relies on informal and simple governance.However,as the country builds a sinking regime,the state has turned from resource extraction to importation of rural society,and the state requires standardization and formalization of rural governance.Continuous improving.However,there are significant differences in governance systems and governance capabilities in village spaces with different degrees of spatial change.At present,governance has the characteristics of "spatial turn",and space is the process dimension of governance.On the one hand,governance is done in space,and governance needs to face different spatial forms and social structures;on the other hand,governance is production through specific spatial forms and social structures.Therefore,space is an important dimension to analyze the transformation of grassroots governance.This article focuses on the study of the internal relationship between the spatial form of villages and grassroots governance,and explores how spatial changes affect the development and transformation of grassroots governance.Since the 1970s,Western social theory has shifted from "production in space" to "space production",and space has gradually become an important theoretical tool for people to study social facts.This article takes space as a research perspective and adopts the concept of space from a structuralist perspective.Space has the dual aspects of "substantial space" and "subjective construction" of subject and object space.On the one hand,space is the external form of people’s space practice,that is,the form of material space that people can perceive;on the other hand,space is the exertion of subjective initiative The field and space are constituted by the actions of actors and social relations.The actor in the space is the intermediary of the subject and object space.The object space acts on the subject space by influencing the actions of the actor.The subject space constructs the space structure and spatial relationship in reverse under the subjective initiative of the actor.Based on this,this article constructs a theoretical analysis path of "space-governance network",takes space as a carrier of power operation,analyzes three cases of different degrees of spatial change in Jiangzhen,South Anhui,and studies spatial governance under different degrees of village spatial change.The degree of spatial change in the village will produce different spatial structure characteristics,mainly the transformation of individual space and public space.This article analyzes the impact of spatial changes on the actions of actors from the three dimensions of living space,production space and public space.influences.The governance network is composed of governance subjects and governance objects,as well as the connection between the two.The internal logic of grassroots governance is "subject-process-result".This article mainly studies governance models of different spatial forms from three aspects of power structure,governance strategies,and governance relationships,and reveals the governance entities in the grassroots governance network.,Governance process and connection relationship.From the perspective of the degree of spatial change,these three cases are the " spatial reorganization type "," spatial concentration type" and " spatial transformation type".They represent the high-rise living space of " farmers go upstairs" and the single" concentrated residence".The residential space of single-family houses and the spatial form of farmers’ spontaneous transformation of residential space,they cover the main patterns of the current spatial changes in the village.First of all,the spatially reorganized community is mainly in the form of spatial changes such as"village conversion","withdrawal of villages and living together".The main body of community governance does not follow the endogenous authority of traditional village governance,lacks the governance power and governance resources of previous village governance,and has the characteristics of "low governance power" and weak governance resources.Therefore,the primary task of spatially reorganized community governance is to reshape governance authority,and integrate community governance resources by "running projects" to higher-level departments and managing property companies.The spatial form of a spatially reorganized community is similar to that of an urban community.The community governance strategy is mainly a combination of grid governance and "building autonomy",using the community grid as the governance basis to improve the efficiency of community governance and enhance residents’ sense of participation,and build a grid A complex of internal administration and autonomy.At the same time,due to the state-led spatial changes,it is easy to produce "paternalism" dependent governance relationships,and community residents form"microcommunities" under the influence of unit-style living spaces.Residents of spatially reorganized communities have transformed from traditional scattered living spaces "upstairs" into high-rise unit-style living spaces,resulting in social adaptation dilemmas after spatial changes.The main body of community governance uses emotional relationships as a link,and rationally uses emotional governance rules to resolve conflicts and disputes.In addition,the spatial reorganization community has the structural characteristics of a transitional community.How to promote the "farmers to go upstairs" to change the way of life and production,and adapt to the new space environment and social norms,has become the key to the governance of the spatial reorganization community.Secondly,the spatially concentrated villages mainly represent the spatial change form of"concentrated residence",and "concentrated residence" is the "typical" of new rural construction and beautiful countryside.In the spatial change of "concentrated residence",the driving force of the change mainly comes from the interweaving of village power and social capital.The "capable person"of the village undertakes national project resources and uses personal resources to promote the development of the village,gradually forming a "capable person governing the village".At the same time,capital goes to the countryside to participate in the spatial changes,prompting village-level organizations to cooperate with the enterprises in the countryside,giving full play to the advantages of different subjects and forming cooperative governance,so as to change the governance dilemma of the unity of the village governance entity,and realize "resource complementarity and mutual advantage." The governance powers of "borrowing" are mutually constructed."Centralized residence" has the characteristics of uniform space,and the concentration of space restructures the original governance structure.Therefore,village governance is more about using the spatial characteristics of centralized residence for effective governance,promoting governance efficiency and innovation in discussion and negotiation.Public cultural space is an important governance content of spatially concentrated villages.It can not only reflect the integrity and beauty of the concentrated living space,but also regulate the life behavior of villagers and cultivate public awareness,and use public culture as a link to promote the reconstruction of cultural communities.Finally,the spatial transformation type village is different from the above two whole-village promotion methods.It is a spatial change of the villagers’ autonomy,and the villagers build and renovate the living space according to the economic conditions of the family.The villagers in the case chose to build new houses in the area close to the road,making the village a distinction between the new and the old geographical space.The main structural feature of spatially transformed villages is spatial mobility.In the context of rapid urban-rural mobility,people and resources between urban and rural areas are fully flowed to promote the gradual narrowing of the urban-rural gap and accelerate the modernization process in rural areas.However,the spatial mobility of villagers has led to the structural dilemma of hollowing,empty nesting,and aging,and rural development lacks inherent motivation.Therefore,the main body of village governance reforms the main power structure and governance methods by attracting village elites such as Xinxiangxians to return to the village to govern the village,develop the village-level collective economy,and use cyberspace to improve the village governance ability and the main status of village development.In response to the governance situation of a large number of migrants,the spatial transformation village relies on the governance technology and linkages of cyberspace to conduct mobile governance of " absent" governance objects in different time and space,build virtual governance relationships,and promote " common presence" and "Public communication" recreates a new type of mobile community.In summary,we find that the structural characteristics of different spatial forms of grassroots society make their governance bodies,governance processes,and governance relationships different.The differential governance mechanism under the changes of the grassroots social space,this article summarizes the "spatial governance".Space governance is a new governance model that uses space as the perspective of grassroots governance.Space governance emphasizes the spatial logic of governance,that is,the spatial dimensions in the governance process.Space governance tries to summarize the relationship between space and grassroots governance,and emphasizes that space is not only an external physical space,but also an internal spatial structure and relationship,both of which constitute an important form of expression of space.Therefore,space governance is not only embodied in the governance of the external physical space form,but also the reshaping of the internal social relations and power structure of the space.The focus is on the adaptability of the space form and governance model.The spatial change of rural society is the result of the power operation of different power subjects.Space change must take into account the allocation of space resources and the use of space,but also pay attention to the actual needs of farmers as the main body of space,balance the degree of intervention of state power in rural space changes,and make space changes truly play the role of improving the living environment and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas.The spatial justice in the changes of rural social space plays an important role in rebuilding a new governance community and reshaping the grassroots governance system.